Association between dietary micronutrient adequacy index and sleep quality, sleep duration and chronic fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

Purpose: A great number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue. Despite the potential role of diet in improving these problems, the relation between dietary micronutrients and these complications among individuals with T2DM has been less studied. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary micronutrient adequacy index (DMAI) and sleep quality, sleep duration, and chronic fatigue among patients with T2DM.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 260 patients with T2DM aged 30-60y were enrolled. Sleep status and chronic fatigue were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Chalder Fatigue Scale, respectively. Dietary intakes were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. DMAI was computed based on 14 micronutrients, with higher scores indicating greater adequacy. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relation between DMAI and study outcomes.

Results: The mean age of participants was 50.42 ± 6.11 years. After adjusting all confounders, participants with the highest DMAI had significantly lower odds of poor sleep quality (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79) and short sleep duration (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.44) compared to those with the lowest. However, DMAI was not significantly related to chronic fatigue in the fully adjusted model (OR _{T3 vs. T1} = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.04).

Conclusions: This study suggests that higher DMAI, indicating higher intakes of micronutrients, was associated with a reduced likelihood of poor sleep quality and short sleep duration, but not chronic fatigue among patients with T2DM. Prospective studies are recommended to replicate these findings.