Railson Pereira Souza, Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis, Vinícius Duarte Pimentel, Bianca de Sousa Leal, Milena Monteiro de Freitas, Jefferson da Cruz Esteves, Lara Priscila Freitas Ferreira, Débora Caroline do Nascimento Rodrigues, Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa, Alyne Pereira Lopes, Maria José Dos Santos Soares, João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Aldeídia Pereira de Oliveira
{"title":"Toxicogenetic profile and antioxidant evaluation of gamma-terpinene: Molecular docking and <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays.","authors":"Railson Pereira Souza, Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis, Vinícius Duarte Pimentel, Bianca de Sousa Leal, Milena Monteiro de Freitas, Jefferson da Cruz Esteves, Lara Priscila Freitas Ferreira, Débora Caroline do Nascimento Rodrigues, Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa, Alyne Pereira Lopes, Maria José Dos Santos Soares, João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Aldeídia Pereira de Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/01480545.2025.2499939","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gamma-terpinene (γ-TPN) is found in several plant species, such as thyme, eucalyptus, rosemary, black cumin, oregano, among others, and is known for antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antinociceptive, anticancer, antiplatelet, and insecticidal activities. Based on this, it was assessed its toxicogenetic and antioxidant profile using <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> replacement assays. The compound was moderately toxic on <i>Artemia salina</i> nauplii [LC<sub>50</sub> value of 136.1 (81.8 - 158.7) µM] and reduced proliferation of melanoma B16-F10 [IC<sub>50</sub> value of 38.19 (26.82 - 54.52) μM] tumor cells, without affecting viability of normal RAW 264.7 macrophages and mammalian erythrocytes' membrane. γ-TPN (12.5, 25 and 50 µM) intensively reduced the mitotic index (MI) of dividing <i>Allium cepa</i> meristematic cells in a non-concentration-dependent way and caused increasing in interphase and reduction in prophase cells (p < 0.05). The monoterpene showed <i>in silico</i> affinity to the enzymes catalase and glutathione reductase and <i>in vivo</i> amplification of the catalase activity in erythrocytes of γ-TPN-treated spontaneous hypertensive rats. Increase of binucleated cells was observed at the highest dose (100 mg/kg/day) only. Then, as a natural molecule, γ-TPN isn't free of damaging effects, and further investigations are needed to ensure limiting doses and regulation aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11333,"journal":{"name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2025.2499939","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Gamma-terpinene (γ-TPN) is found in several plant species, such as thyme, eucalyptus, rosemary, black cumin, oregano, among others, and is known for antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antinociceptive, anticancer, antiplatelet, and insecticidal activities. Based on this, it was assessed its toxicogenetic and antioxidant profile using in silico, in vitro and in vivo replacement assays. The compound was moderately toxic on Artemia salina nauplii [LC50 value of 136.1 (81.8 - 158.7) µM] and reduced proliferation of melanoma B16-F10 [IC50 value of 38.19 (26.82 - 54.52) μM] tumor cells, without affecting viability of normal RAW 264.7 macrophages and mammalian erythrocytes' membrane. γ-TPN (12.5, 25 and 50 µM) intensively reduced the mitotic index (MI) of dividing Allium cepa meristematic cells in a non-concentration-dependent way and caused increasing in interphase and reduction in prophase cells (p < 0.05). The monoterpene showed in silico affinity to the enzymes catalase and glutathione reductase and in vivo amplification of the catalase activity in erythrocytes of γ-TPN-treated spontaneous hypertensive rats. Increase of binucleated cells was observed at the highest dose (100 mg/kg/day) only. Then, as a natural molecule, γ-TPN isn't free of damaging effects, and further investigations are needed to ensure limiting doses and regulation aspects.
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Drug and Chemical Toxicology publishes full-length research papers, review articles and short communications that encompass a broad spectrum of toxicological data surrounding risk assessment and harmful exposure. Manuscripts are considered according to their relevance to the journal.
Topics include both descriptive and mechanics research that illustrates the risk assessment implications of exposure to toxic agents. Examples of suitable topics include toxicological studies, which are structural examinations on the effects of dose, metabolism, and statistical or mechanism-based approaches to risk assessment. New findings and methods, along with safety evaluations, are also acceptable. Special issues may be reserved to publish symposium summaries, reviews in toxicology, and overviews of the practical interpretation and application of toxicological data.
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