Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Vitex negundo methanolic extract and its anticancer efficacy in colorectal cancer.

IF 2 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Cytotechnology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI:10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x

Kumaresan Kowsalya, Gayathiri Gunasangkaran, Jayachandran Halka, Eswaramoorthy Dharani, Muthukrishnan Saradhadevi, Arumugam Vijaya Anand, Muthukrishnan Anand, Packiaraj Gurusaravanan, Giridharan Bupesh, Muthukrishnan Arun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Vitex negundo is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer properties, particularly its effectiveness in targeting apoptosis-related cancer pathways. Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, often requiring alternative therapies involving plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using V. negundo leaves (VnZnONP) and confirm their formation through characterization studies. Further, the anticancer efficacy of VnZnONPs was also evaluated in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using methanolic leaf extract of V. negundo (MeVn), which contained nearly 39 phytocompounds, identified in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UV-vis spectroscopy showed a prominent peak at 374 nm, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a size distribution peaking at 452.5 nm. In SEM analysis, the spherical-shaped morphology with random distribution was observed. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen, and zeta potential analysis showed a + 41.4 mV charge, indicating stable nanoparticles. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as aliphatic, aromatic compounds, alkenes, alcohols, and amides. In the DPPH assay, VnZnONP at 100 µg/ml exhibited 87.96% antioxidant activity, significantly higher than MeVn (39.89%). VnZnONPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 60.56 µg/ml. In addition, DAPI staining confirmed nuclear damage, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining indicated early and late apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of Jab1 and Bcl2, and upregulation of Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. This study demonstrates that V. negundo-based ZnO nanoparticles can promote apoptosis and can serve as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x.

查看原文本刊更多论文

黄荆甲醇提取物绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒及其对结直肠癌的抗癌作用。

牡荆是一种传统的药用植物，以其抗癌特性而闻名，特别是其针对细胞凋亡相关的癌症途径的有效性。结直肠癌是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤，通常需要涉及植物源性生物活性化合物的替代疗法。本研究旨在利用紫荆叶合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（VnZnONP），并通过表征研究证实其形成。此外，我们还对VnZnONPs在HT-29结直肠癌细胞中的抗癌作用进行了评估。以紫荆叶甲醇提取物（MeVn）为原料合成氧化锌纳米颗粒，经气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）鉴定，共含39种植物化合物。紫外可见光谱在374nm处有一个明显的峰，动态光散射（DLS）在452.5 nm处有一个尺寸分布峰。扫描电镜观察到试样呈球形，形貌随机分布。EDX分析证实了锌和氧的存在，zeta电位分析显示电荷为+ 41.4 mV，表明纳米颗粒稳定。FTIR分析鉴定了功能基团，如脂肪族、芳香族化合物、烯烃、醇和酰胺。在DPPH实验中，100µg/ml VnZnONP的抗氧化活性为87.96%，显著高于MeVn（39.89%）。VnZnONPs对HT-29细胞具有剂量依赖性的细胞毒性，IC50值为60.56µg/ml。DAPI染色证实核损伤，吖啶橙/溴化乙啶染色提示早、晚凋亡。RT-PCR分析显示Jab1和Bcl2下调，Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9上调。本研究表明，基于V. negundo的ZnO纳米颗粒具有促进细胞凋亡的作用，有望成为结直肠癌的治疗药物。补充信息：在线版本包含补充资料，可在10.1007/s10616-025-00775-x获得。

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来源期刊

Cytotechnology 生物-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The scope of the Journal includes: 1. The derivation, genetic modification and characterization of cell lines, genetic and phenotypic regulation, control of cellular metabolism, cell physiology and biochemistry related to cell function, performance and expression of cell products. 2. Cell culture techniques, substrates, environmental requirements and optimization, cloning, hybridization and molecular biology, including genomic and proteomic tools. 3. Cell culture systems, processes, reactors, scale-up, and industrial production. Descriptions of the design or construction of equipment, media or quality control procedures, that are ancillary to cellular research. 4. The application of animal/human cells in research in the field of stem cell research including maintenance of stemness, differentiation, genetics, and senescence, cancer research, research in immunology, as well as applications in tissue engineering and gene therapy. 5. The use of cell cultures as a substrate for bioassays, biomedical applications and in particular as a replacement for animal models.