{"title":"Co-expression of LncRNA and mRNA in the cumulus-oocyte complex of rabbits exposed to ammonia.","authors":"Jia Cui, Fengyang Wu, Xinyu Yang, Yanhua Liu, Shudong Liu, Shuaijuan Han, Jiawei Guo, Baojiang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04806-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is an environmental pollutant and a potent reproductive stressor widely found in rabbit houses. Exposure to ammonia can result in follicle atresia, affect oocyte maturation and cause cumulus cell apoptosis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important factor in the regulation of cumulus cell development and oocyte maturation. The potential molecular mechanism of NH<sub>3</sub> in the induction of cumulus-oocyte complex (COCs) toxicity and the regulatory role of lncRNA in COCs are currently unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 150 female IRA rabbits (35 days old) were randomly divided into three groups, and kept in environmental control rooms for four weeks. The rabbits in the control group (CG) were kept under an NH<sub>3</sub> concentration of < 3 ppm. The two treatment groups were kept under NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations of 10 ppm (low ammonia concentration, LAC) and 30 ppm (high ammonia concentration, HAC). We used a combination of RNA deep sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatic analysis to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in COCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that primordial follicles and primary follicles were significantly decreased while atretic follicles were significantly increased in the NH<sub>3</sub>-treated groups. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) items showed that female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion and the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion were involved in the mechanism of rabbits exposed to NH<sub>3</sub>. The results demonstrated that the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway inhibits germ cell development and follicular growth in the LAC versus the CG group. LncRNAs were involved in the apoptosis of female germ cells via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) signaling pathway in the HAC versus the CG group. Co-expression analysis found that lncRNA MAPK3 and lncRNA SHC1 were correlated with changes in cumulus cell and oocyte function after NH<sub>3</sub> exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that NH<sub>3</sub> affected the development and function of COCs by influencing lncRNA expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128280/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Veterinary Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04806-9","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Ammonia (NH3) is an environmental pollutant and a potent reproductive stressor widely found in rabbit houses. Exposure to ammonia can result in follicle atresia, affect oocyte maturation and cause cumulus cell apoptosis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important factor in the regulation of cumulus cell development and oocyte maturation. The potential molecular mechanism of NH3 in the induction of cumulus-oocyte complex (COCs) toxicity and the regulatory role of lncRNA in COCs are currently unclear.
Methods: A total of 150 female IRA rabbits (35 days old) were randomly divided into three groups, and kept in environmental control rooms for four weeks. The rabbits in the control group (CG) were kept under an NH3 concentration of < 3 ppm. The two treatment groups were kept under NH3 concentrations of 10 ppm (low ammonia concentration, LAC) and 30 ppm (high ammonia concentration, HAC). We used a combination of RNA deep sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatic analysis to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in COCs.
Results: We found that primordial follicles and primary follicles were significantly decreased while atretic follicles were significantly increased in the NH3-treated groups. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) items showed that female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion and the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion were involved in the mechanism of rabbits exposed to NH3. The results demonstrated that the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway inhibits germ cell development and follicular growth in the LAC versus the CG group. LncRNAs were involved in the apoptosis of female germ cells via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) signaling pathway in the HAC versus the CG group. Co-expression analysis found that lncRNA MAPK3 and lncRNA SHC1 were correlated with changes in cumulus cell and oocyte function after NH3 exposure.
Conclusions: These results indicate that NH3 affected the development and function of COCs by influencing lncRNA expression.
期刊介绍：
BMC Veterinary Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of medical conditions of domestic, companion, farm and wild animals, as well as the biomedical processes that underlie their health.
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