Active sonar target recognition based on sub-beam filling and time-frequency fusion tensor

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110864

Zezhou Dai , Hong Liang , Tong Duan , Lei Yue , Wenbo Gou , Wenlong Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper addresses the issues of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the loss of spatial information in conventional beamforming, and small sample in underwater active sonar detection and recognition. A feature extraction method based on sub-beam filling (SBF) and time-frequency tensor feature fusion is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of underwater sonar echoes, which integrates frequency-weighted time-frequency features from STFT, CWT, and SPWVD. To further improve the recognition performance, an improved ConvNeXt architecture, ConvNeXt-DCA, is proposed, incorporating asymmetric convolution kernel decomposition and a lightweight Channel Aggregation (CA) module. Experimental evaluations on both pool and sea trial datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. Compared to standard beamforming, SBF improves average accuracy from 67.1% to 80.6%. The ConvNeXt-DCA model achieves the highest recognition accuracy of 92.1% on the sea trial dataset and maintains 87.7% under -10 dB SNR in the pool dataset. These results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework in actual sonar recognition scenarios.

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基于子波束填充和时频融合张量的主动声纳目标识别

针对水下主动声呐探测与识别中存在的信噪比低、传统波束形成中空间信息丢失、样本小等问题。为了提高水下声纳回波的特征提取能力，提出了一种基于子波束填充（SBF）和时频张量特征融合的特征提取方法，将STFT、CWT和SPWVD的频率加权时频特征融合在一起。为了进一步提高识别性能，提出了一种改进的ConvNeXt架构ConvNeXt- dca，该架构结合了非对称卷积核分解和轻量级信道聚合（CA）模块。在水池和海上试验数据集上的实验评价表明了该方法的优越性。与标准波束形成相比，SBF将平均精度从67.1%提高到80.6%。ConvNeXt-DCA模型在海试数据集上的识别率最高，达到92.1%，在-10 dB信噪比下的池数据集识别率为87.7%。这些结果证实了该框架在实际声纳识别场景中的有效性和鲁棒性。

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来源期刊

Applied Acoustics 物理-声学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

618

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Since its launch in 1968, Applied Acoustics has been publishing high quality research papers providing state-of-the-art coverage of research findings for engineers and scientists involved in applications of acoustics in the widest sense. Applied Acoustics looks not only at recent developments in the understanding of acoustics but also at ways of exploiting that understanding. The Journal aims to encourage the exchange of practical experience through publication and in so doing creates a fund of technological information that can be used for solving related problems. The presentation of information in graphical or tabular form is especially encouraged. If a report of a mathematical development is a necessary part of a paper it is important to ensure that it is there only as an integral part of a practical solution to a problem and is supported by data. Applied Acoustics encourages the exchange of practical experience in the following ways: • Complete Papers • Short Technical Notes • Review Articles; and thereby provides a wealth of technological information that can be used to solve related problems. Manuscripts that address all fields of applications of acoustics ranging from medicine and NDT to the environment and buildings are welcome.