Antibacterial, sensitive, conformable electronics device by engineered two-dimensional-material-based organic electrochemical transistor

Abstract

Wearable devices are transforming health diagnostics through continuous, non-invasive monitoring. To enhance detection effectiveness, three aspects are crucial: sufficient sensitivity, antibacterial functionality of the skin biointerface, and mechanical compatibility. This study introduced a conformable wearable device based on two-dimensional-material MBene@AgNWs-doped serpentine organic electronic transistor biosensors (MB-Ag-Ser-OECTs), specifically engineered for antibacterial, non-invasive, and ultrasensitive estradiol detection. First, the MB-Ag-Ser-OECTs exhibit exceptional sensitivity, detecting estradiol levels as low as 0.013 pM, highlighting their potential for ultra-low abundance detection. Second, MBene@AgNWs provide robust antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth. Third, the incorporation of AgNWs enhances stretchability, while mechanical tests and 3D COMSOL simulations confirm strong resilience against stretching, bending, twisting, and puncturing. Volunteer trials validate wearability and effectiveness in distinguishing estradiol levels across genders. These findings position engineered two-dimensional material-based organic electrochemical transistors as promising platforms for advancing non-invasive, ultrasensitive, and comfortable personalized diagnostics.