Smartphone-based alert of community first responders: A multinational survey to characterise contemporary systems

IF 2.1 Q3 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Resuscitation plus Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100988

Tore Marks , Bibiana Metelmann , Lorenzo Gamberini , Camilla Metelmann , Sebastian Schnaubelt , Federico Semeraro , Carolina Malta Hansen , European Resuscitation Guidelines 2025 Systems Saving Lives Writing Group

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Several countries worldwide have implemented systems to alert community first responders (CFR) via smartphone applications to increase likelihood of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Substantial heterogeneity across CFR systems has been reported but recent reports are lacking. The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) conducted a survey to characterise and compare CFR systems focusing on requirements for joining CFR programs.

Methods

An online survey with 28 questions regarding general system description, CFR qualification and training was conducted using SurveyMonkey between October 2024 and January 2025. The survey was shared via QR-code at the ERC Congress 2024, e-mail invitations to all ERC national resuscitation councils, the ERC Guidelines 2025 webpage, ERC social media, ERC newsletter, and personal e-mail invitations to research groups and CFR systems.

Results

Thirty-five CFR systems from 19 countries participated in the survey. The majority of CFR systems (69%, n = 24) require some kind of Basic Life Support (BLS) training as a minimum qualification. In 80% (n = 28) the minimum age for participation is 18 years. App-specific training is offered by 51% (n = 18) and in 11% (n = 4) of CFR systems no dispatch centre is involved in the alert, 43% (n = 15) of systems alert exclusively to OHCA, and 17% (n = 6) of CFR systems only alert CFR to adult OHCAs.

Conclusions

There are multiple CFR systems with a high degree of heterogeneity regarding minimum required CFR qualification and training as well as alerting modalities. Understanding these differences across systems is paramount to design studies to test the effect of CFR on patient outcomes.

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基于智能手机的社区第一响应者警报：当代系统特征的多国调查

世界上一些国家已经实施了通过智能手机应用程序向社区第一响应者（CFR）发出警报的系统，以增加院外心脏骤停（OHCA）后的生存可能性。已报道了CFR系统的实质性异质性，但缺乏最近的报道。欧洲复苏委员会（ERC）进行了一项调查，以描述和比较CFR系统，重点关注加入CFR计划的要求。方法于2024年10月至2025年1月，使用SurveyMonkey软件对系统总体描述、CFR资质、培训等28个问题进行在线调查。该调查通过ERC 2024年大会的qr码、ERC所有国家复苏委员会的电子邮件邀请、ERC 2025年指南网页、ERC社交媒体、ERC通讯以及向研究小组和CFR系统发出的个人电子邮件邀请进行共享。结果来自19个国家的35个CFR系统参与了调查。大多数CFR系统（69%,n = 24）要求某种基本生命支持（BLS）培训作为最低资格。80%的国家（n = 28）的最低参与年龄为18岁。51% （n = 18）的CFR系统提供针对应用程序的培训，11% （n = 4）的CFR系统没有调度中心参与警报，43% （n = 15）的系统专门向OHCA发出警报，17% （n = 6）的CFR系统只向成年OHCA发出警报。结论存在多种CFR系统，在最低CFR资格要求、培训和报警方式方面存在高度异质性。了解不同系统之间的这些差异对于设计测试CFR对患者预后影响的研究至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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