Sonoamplified catalytic activation of potassium peroxydisulfate on the Ti2AlC MAX phase for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants

IF 13.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2025.164358

Monireh Alimohamadi, Alireza Khataee, Samira Arefi-Oskoui, Yasin Orooji

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Abstract

Herein, the activation of potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation using the Ti₂AlC MAX phase synthesized by the semi-reactive sintering method aimed to treat the water polluted with pharmaceutical contaminants such as cefixime. Ti₂AlC MAX phase (0.5 g/L) exhibited appropriate potential to active PDS (0.7 mmol/L) under the US, resulting in a substantial degradation of several pharmaceutical contaminants containing cefixime (100 %), oxytetracycline (100 %), tilmicosin (100 %), phenazopyridine (100 %), and rifampin (97 %) within 80 min of reaction. Kinetic investigation verified that the degradation reactions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of scavengers confirmed that electrons and singlet oxygen (¹

O_{2}

$O_{2}$ ) were the most active species throughout the degradation. Moreover, total organic carbon (TOC) was performed to study the mineralization of cefixime during the sonocatalytic process. Additionally, a possible procedure for cefixime degradation was recommended based on recognized by-products with liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The possible harmful effects of cefixime degradation intermediate in water were evaluated using the Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) sytem. The acquired results demonstrated the competence of the triple Ti₂AlC/PDS/US process as a capable novel procedure for the treatment of pharmaceutical-polluted water and wastewater resources.

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过氧化二硫酸钾在Ti2AlC MAX相上的声放大催化活化去除药物污染物

本文采用半反应烧结法合成的Ti2AlC MAX相在超声（US）照射下活化过氧二硫酸钾（PDS），旨在处理头孢克肟等药物污染物污染的水体。Ti2AlC MAX相（0.5 g/L）在US条件下表现出适当的活性PDS（0.7 mmol/L）的潜力，导致在80 min的反应内大量降解几种药物污染物，包括头孢克肟（100 %）、土霉素（100 %）、替米科星（100 %）、非那唑吡啶（100 %）和利福平（97 %）。动力学研究证实，降解反应符合准一级动力学。清除剂的作用证实，在整个降解过程中，电子和单线态氧（102o2）是最活跃的物种。此外，用总有机碳（TOC）法研究了头孢克肟在声催化过程中的矿化情况。此外，基于液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）识别的副产物，推荐了一种可能的头孢克肟降解方法。采用生态结构活性关系（ECOSAR）评价了头孢克肟降解中间体在水中可能产生的有害影响。实验结果表明，Ti2AlC/PDS/US三重工艺是一种处理制药污染水和废水资源的新工艺。

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来源期刊

Chemical Engineering Journal 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

21.70

自引率

9.30%

发文量

6781

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Chemical Engineering Journal is an international research journal that invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. It aims to provide an international platform for presenting original fundamental research, interpretative reviews, and discussions on new developments in chemical engineering. The journal welcomes papers that describe novel theory and its practical application, as well as those that demonstrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. It also welcomes reports on carefully conducted experimental work that is soundly interpreted. The main focus of the journal is on original and rigorous research results that have broad significance. The Catalysis section within the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses specifically on Experimental and Theoretical studies in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. These studies have industrial impact on various sectors such as chemicals, energy, materials, foods, healthcare, and environmental protection.