Evaluation of the timing and regional distribution of 18 psychoactive drugs and metabolites in a Chinese city by wastewater analysis.

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Journal of water and health Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI:10.2166/wh.2025.325
Shuai Yuan, Yue Xiao, Ruxin Luo, Xin Wang, Ping Xiang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In recent years, mental disorders have become serious health problems. Monitoring the usage of psychotropic drugs can reflect the prevalence of mental disorders in the population, and wastewater analysis is an effective method for monitoring the use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals. In our study, we collected 58 samples from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a southern city in China. We then analyzed the concentrations and loads of 18 frequently used psychoactive drugs and corresponding metabolites. The most abundant compounds in wastewater were diazepam, sulpiride, clozapine, venlafaxine, and quetiapine, with a detection frequency close to 100%. Sulpiride had the highest average load, followed by venlafaxine, clozapine, quetiapine, and diazepam. The higher load of diazepam in suburban WWTPs than in urban WWTPs reflects the large numbers of older people living in suburban areas in most of China. The lower loads of most target compounds in suburban WWTPs than in urban WWTPs indicate a greater likelihood of mental disorders in urban people than in suburban people. A correlation analysis of the target compounds revealed a correlation between the occurrence of venlafaxine, sulpiride, and clozapine. Overall, wastewater analysis is expected to be a significant tool for monitoring the consumption of psychoactive pharmaceuticals.

利用废水分析评价某城市18种精神药物及其代谢物的时间和区域分布。
近年来,精神障碍已成为严重的健康问题。监测精神药物的使用情况可以反映人群中精神障碍的患病率,废水分析是监测精神活性药物使用情况的有效方法。在我们的研究中,我们从中国南方城市的12个污水处理厂(WWTPs)收集了58个样本。然后,我们分析了18种常用精神活性药物及其代谢物的浓度和负荷。废水中含量最高的化合物为地西泮、舒必利、氯氮平、文拉法辛和喹硫平,检测频率接近100%。舒必利的平均负荷最高,其次是文拉法辛、氯氮平、喹硫平和地西泮。郊区污水处理厂的地西泮负荷高于城市污水处理厂,这反映了中国大部分地区有大量老年人居住在郊区。郊区污水处理厂中大多数目标化合物的负荷低于城市污水处理厂,这表明城市人群比郊区人群更容易出现精神障碍。靶化合物的相关性分析显示文拉法辛、舒必利和氯氮平之间存在相关性。总的来说,废水分析有望成为监测精神活性药物消费的重要工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of water and health
Journal of water and health 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
8.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Water and Health is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the dissemination of information on the health implications and control of waterborne microorganisms and chemical substances in the broadest sense for developing and developed countries worldwide. This is to include microbial toxins, chemical quality and the aesthetic qualities of water.
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