Investigating the tribological synergy between ionic liquids and Ti3C2Tx MXenes under different load, sliding, and temperature conditions

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132322

Roman Neuhauser , Carsten Gachot , Phillip Grützmacher , Zhen Yan , Sabine Schwarz , Markus Eiberger , Bernhard C. Bayer , Katharina Bica-Schröder , Xudong Sui

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXenes are applied to two different ionic liquids (ILs) P₈₈₈₁(BuO)₂PO₂⁻ and P₈₈₈₁(MeO)₂PO₂⁻ referred to as IL1 and IL2 respectively. Their effectiveness as potential lubricants was evaluated using a Mini-Traction Machine (MTM) tribometer, where tribofilm formation was observed in-situ and further analyzed through ex-situ techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and laser microscopy. The results indicate that MXene-modified ILs enhance interfacial frictional performance, but their performance is highly dependent on test conditions. MTM tests reveal that MXene-modified ILs may perform poorly under mild conditions due to interference with the formation of a lubricating oil film and changes in viscosity. However, they significantly reduce the friction coefficient under harsh conditions (low speed, high load, and high temperature). Notably, the IL1 with 1 wt.-% of MXenes added shows optimal friction performance at 80 °C, with a decrease of about 80.5 % in coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the pure IL. TEM confirms that MXenes can actively integrate into the amorphous tribofilm, accumulating and aligning in surface defects, thereby reducing the COF. This demonstrates the lubrication performance of MXene nanosheets and ILs and highlights the potential of MXene-modified ILs as novel lubricants.

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研究了离子液体与Ti3C2Tx MXenes在不同载荷、滑动和温度条件下的摩擦学协同作用

Ti₃C₂TₓMXenes应用于两种不同的离子液体（ILs） P8881(BuO)2PO2−和P8881(MeO)2PO2−分别称为IL1和IL2。使用Mini-Traction Machine （MTM）摩擦计对其作为潜在润滑剂的有效性进行了评估，在那里观察了摩擦膜的形成，并通过非原位技术（包括透射电子显微镜（TEM）、拉曼光谱和激光显微镜）进一步分析。结果表明，mxene修饰的il增强了界面摩擦性能，但其性能高度依赖于测试条件。MTM测试表明，由于干扰润滑油膜的形成和粘度的变化，mxene修饰的il在温和条件下可能表现不佳。然而，在恶劣条件下（低速、高负荷和高温），它们显著降低了摩擦系数。值得注意的是，添加1 wt.-% MXenes的IL1在80°C时表现出最佳的摩擦性能，与纯IL相比，MXenes的摩擦系数（COF）降低了约80.5%。TEM证实MXenes可以主动融入非晶摩擦膜，在表面缺陷中积累和排列，从而降低了COF。这证明了MXene纳米片和il的润滑性能，并突出了MXene改性il作为新型润滑剂的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.