Natural catechin containing α-Lactalbumin based electrospun nanofibers for arthritis treatment and bone repair

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and bone erosion that pose significant challenges in orthopedics, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Current treatments often have limited efficacy and significant side effects. Here, we report the development of α-lactalbumin-based curcumin-reinforced injectable electrospun nanofibers containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (EC/αL-NFs) for RA treatment and bone repair. The nanofibers exhibited excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Curcumin and EGCG incorporation significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the nanofibers' potential for RA treatment, reducing inflammation and promoting bone repair. The X-ray evaluations and immunohistochemical analysis revealed excellent treatment efficiency of the EC/αL-NFs for arthritis and bone chondrogenesis. The EC/αL-NFs also promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix deposition. This study provides a promising approach for the development of injectable nanofibers for arthritis treatment and bone tissue engineering applications.