{"title":"Effectiveness of Novel Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles in the Different Vehicles against Mixed-species Biofilm: An <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Study.","authors":"Parinthron Rattanakijkamol, Patarawadee Promta, Phenphichar Wanachantararak, Warat Leelapornpisid","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3846","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles [(Ca(OH)]<sub>2</sub> NPs) with different vehicles against biofilm, composed of <i>Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> tooth models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Alamar Blue assay was used to determine the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), while the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was assessed by colony counting. Multispecies biofilms were inoculated in 50 root blocks with different medicaments (each <i>n</i> = 10). The colony-forming unit then assessed the viable cell counts. Morphological structures were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MBIC of all groups was 1:128 of primary concentration. The MBEC of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> NPs in all formulas was two times higher than Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed biofilm disruption and debris clumping in both formulas, with the lowest viable cell count in Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>NPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in both formulas, especially the viscous formula, had the potential for antibiofilm activity.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles, particularly in a viscous formula, are effective in significantly reducing mixed-species biofilms, suggesting their potential as an improved alternative to conventional Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> for endodontic treatment. How to cite this article: Rattanakijkamol P, Promta P, Wanachantararak P, <i>et al.</i> Effectiveness of Novel Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles in the Different Vehicles against Mixed-species Biofilm: An <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(3):265-272.</p>","PeriodicalId":35792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice","volume":"26 3","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3846","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Dentistry","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles [(Ca(OH)]2 NPs) with different vehicles against biofilm, composed of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Candida albicans, in vitro and ex vivo tooth models.
Materials and methods: The Alamar Blue assay was used to determine the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), while the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was assessed by colony counting. Multispecies biofilms were inoculated in 50 root blocks with different medicaments (each n = 10). The colony-forming unit then assessed the viable cell counts. Morphological structures were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: The MBIC of all groups was 1:128 of primary concentration. The MBEC of Ca(OH)2 NPs in all formulas was two times higher than Ca(OH)2. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed biofilm disruption and debris clumping in both formulas, with the lowest viable cell count in Ca(OH)2NPs.
Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in both formulas, especially the viscous formula, had the potential for antibiofilm activity.
Clinical significance: Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles, particularly in a viscous formula, are effective in significantly reducing mixed-species biofilms, suggesting their potential as an improved alternative to conventional Ca(OH)2 for endodontic treatment. How to cite this article: Rattanakijkamol P, Promta P, Wanachantararak P, et al. Effectiveness of Novel Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles in the Different Vehicles against Mixed-species Biofilm: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(3):265-272.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice (JCDP), is a peer-reviewed, open access MEDLINE indexed journal. The journal’s full text is available online at http://www.thejcdp.com. The journal allows free access (open access) to its contents. Articles with clinical relevance will be given preference for publication. The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles, rare and novel case reports, and clinical techniques. Manuscripts are invited from all specialties of dentistry i.e., conservative dentistry and endodontics, dentofacial orthopedics and orthodontics, oral medicine and radiology, oral pathology, oral surgery, orodental diseases, pediatric dentistry, implantology, periodontics, clinical aspects of public health dentistry, and prosthodontics.
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