Sustainable fungal production of pectinase in orange peel-based medium: Taguchi optimization, juice clarification and green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles for biomedical applications

S.A. Abdulmumini , A. Lateef , E.B. Gueguim-Kana , L.S. Beukes , N. Matyumza
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Abstract

Pectinase is a commercially important enzyme that is extensively utilized in the food, textile, and paper industries; yet, its large-scale production poses a hurdle due to high cost of pectin for its production. This research utilized Taguchi optimization to improve pectinase production from a non-aflatoxigenic local strain of Aspergillus flavus, using orange peel as an economical substrate. The improved pectinase was studied for juice clarification and eco-friendly synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (AFP-SeNPs), showcasing its enhanced biotechnological capabilities. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal optimization of pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration, and incubation time yielded a 397.7 % enhancement in pectinase production with maximum enzyme activity of 921.3 U/ml, which clarified orange juice by 76.6 %. Herein, we report the first study to synthesize SeNPs using pectinase which were spherical, crystalline, having sizes of 50.97–98.43 nm and absorbed maximally at 268 nm. The nanoparticles inhibited growth of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens (Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Salmonella enterica) up to 25.3 mm and total suppression of fungal growth (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp.), while displaying 35.9–59.3 % DPPH radical scavenging activities. Additionally, AFP-SeNPs successfully prevented blood clot formation in vitro. This research which uniquely combines pectinase-assisted green production of SeNPs has broadened the applications of pectinase. The multifunctional bioactivities of AFP-SeNPs—antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant—underscore their significance in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, and industrial biotechnology. These findings would enhance sustainable enzyme manufacturing and environmentally friendly nanotechnology, providing a cost-efficient and scalable approach for future developments.
果胶酶在柑桔皮基培养基中的可持续真菌生产:田口优化、果汁澄清和生物医学应用硒纳米颗粒的绿色合成
果胶酶是一种重要的商业酶,广泛应用于食品、纺织和造纸工业;然而,由于生产果胶的成本高,它的大规模生产遇到了障碍。本研究利用田口优化技术提高了一种不产黄曲霉毒素的黄曲霉本地菌株的果胶酶产量,并将橙皮作为经济的底物。研究了改进的果胶酶用于果汁澄清和生态合成纳米硒(AFP-SeNPs),展示了其增强的生物技术能力。对pH、接种量、底物浓度和孵育时间进行Taguchi L9正交优化后,果胶酶产量提高了397.7 %,酶活性最高为921.3 U/ml,澄清率提高了76.6% %。本文首次报道了利用果胶酶合成SeNPs的研究,该产物为球形结晶,粒径为50.97-98.43 nm,最大吸收波长为268 nm。纳米颗粒对多重耐药细菌病原体(氧化克雷伯氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌和肠沙门氏菌)的生长抑制高达25.3 mm,对真菌(黄曲霉、黑曲霉和青霉)的生长完全抑制,同时显示35.9-59.3 %的DPPH自由基清除活性。此外,AFP-SeNPs成功地阻止了体外血凝块的形成。该研究独特地结合了果胶酶辅助SeNPs的绿色生产,拓宽了果胶酶的应用领域。afp - senps具有抗菌、抗氧化和抗凝血的多功能生物活性,在生物医学、制药和工业生物技术领域具有重要意义。这些发现将加强可持续酶制造和环境友好型纳米技术,为未来的发展提供成本效益和可扩展的方法。
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