Exploring the cytotoxicity of phytochemicals: Comparative analysis of single and combination therapies in multiple cell lines

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Toxicon Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108433

Fatemeh Haghani , Sorour Ashaari , Narges Ashraf Ganjooei , Behzad Behnam , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We aimed to determine and compare the cytotoxic effects of curcumin (Cur), gingerol (Gin), berberine (Ber), resveratrol (Res), baicalin (Bai), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) both individually and in combination, across MCF-7, 3T3, A549, PC-12, and HT-29 cell lines. The findings also showed that IC50 values were not achieved for Bai and EGCG in all exposed cell lines. Furthermore, Cur was the most potent cytotoxic agent in monotherapy. In combination therapy, the Cur + Res combination indicated the most inhibitory effect in MCF-7 cells. The most inhibitory effects were for Res + Bai and Cur + Res combinations in 3T3 cells. In the resistant A549 cells, the combined administration of phytochemical enhanced cytotoxic effects. The combinations of Cur + Gin, Cur + Res, and Cur + Ber were identified as the most effective inhibitors in the PC-12 cell line. In HT-29 cells, the combinations of Cur + Gin, Cur + Res, Cur + Ber, and Cur + Res + Gin exhibited the highest inhibitory effects. Based on these findings, Cur was the most cytotoxic agent in monotherapy, while Cur + Res exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity in combination therapy. Moreover, combination therapy led to increased cytotoxic actions of phytochemicals in resistant cells. Therefore, combinational administration is recommended for future anti-cancer studies, as it allows for the use of lower concentrations of each phytochemical.

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探索植物化学物质的细胞毒性：对多种细胞系的单一和联合治疗的比较分析

我们的目的是确定和比较姜黄素（Cur）、姜辣素（Gin）、小檗碱（Ber）、白藜芦醇（Res）、黄芩苷（Bai）和表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）单独和联合对MCF-7、3T3、A549、PC-12和HT-29细胞系的细胞毒性作用。结果还表明，在所有暴露的细胞系中，Bai和EGCG的IC50值均未达到。此外，在单药治疗中，Cur是最有效的细胞毒性药物。在联合治疗中，Cur + Res联合治疗对MCF-7细胞的抑制作用最大。在3T3细胞中，Res + Bai和Cur + Res组合的抑制作用最大。在耐药的A549细胞中，植物化学联合施用增强了细胞毒性作用。在PC-12细胞系中，Cur + Gin、Cur + Res和Cur + Ber的组合是最有效的抑制剂。在HT-29细胞中，Cur + Gin、Cur + Res、Cur + Ber和Cur + Res + Gin的组合表现出最高的抑制作用。基于这些发现，在单一治疗中，Cur是最具细胞毒性的药物，而在联合治疗中，Cur + Res表现出最大的细胞毒性。此外，联合治疗导致抗性细胞中植物化学物质的细胞毒性作用增加。因此，建议在未来的抗癌研究中使用联合给药，因为它允许使用每种植物化学物质的较低浓度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxicon 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

10.70%

发文量

358

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Toxicon has an open access mirror Toxicon: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. An introductory offer Toxicon: X - full waiver of the Open Access fee. Toxicon''s "aims and scope" are to publish: -articles containing the results of original research on problems related to toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms -papers on novel findings related to the chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and immunological properties of natural toxins -molecular biological studies of toxins and other genes from poisonous and venomous organisms that advance understanding of the role or function of toxins -clinical observations on poisoning and envenoming where a new therapeutic principle has been proposed or a decidedly superior clinical result has been obtained. -material on the use of toxins as tools in studying biological processes and material on subjects related to venom and antivenom problems. -articles on the translational application of toxins, for example as drugs and insecticides -epidemiological studies on envenoming or poisoning, so long as they highlight a previously unrecognised medical problem or provide insight into the prevention or medical treatment of envenoming or poisoning. Retrospective surveys of hospital records, especially those lacking species identification, will not be considered for publication. Properly designed prospective community-based surveys are strongly encouraged. -articles describing well-known activities of venoms, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities of arachnid venoms, without any attempt to define the mechanism of action or purify the active component, will not be considered for publication in Toxicon. -review articles on problems related to toxinology. To encourage the exchange of ideas, sections of the journal may be devoted to Short Communications, Letters to the Editor and activities of the affiliated societies.