Numerical optimization on convergent geometries of helium supersonic nozzles

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.010

Baosheng Chen , Shoucheng Cui , Yupei Zeng , Nan Peng , Ercang Luo

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Abstract

The supersonic nozzle is a crucial component of supersonic two-phase expander, which is proposed as an innovative alternative to liquefy helium. To investigate helium flow process in supersonic nozzles with different convergent linetypes, the flows in supersonic nozzles whose convergent sections are Quintic polynomial curve, Bicubic parametric curve, Witoszynski curve, and Translation of Witoszynski curve, are respectively simulated by Fluent 19.0. The findings indicate that the supersonic nozzle designed by the Witoszynski curve has following advantages: (1) Both its outlet temperature and pressure is the lowest while the outlet Mach number is the highest, indicating the best expansion refrigeration effect among four supersonic nozzles. (2) The summit of nucleation rate is the highest, achieving 2.200 × 10²² m^-3·s^-1. Outlet droplet number reaches 1.154 × 10¹⁶ kg^-1, higher than that of other nozzles. (3) This supersonic nozzle is also the first to undergo the condensation process among these four nozzles. (4) Its outlet liquid mass fraction is the highest at 16.03 % and its droplet radius is the smallest at 3.689 × 10^–7 m. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize the Witoszynski curve to realize helium liquefaction.

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氦超声速喷管收敛几何形状的数值优化

超声速喷嘴是超声速两相膨胀器的关键部件，是一种新型的替代液氦的膨胀器。为了研究不同收敛线型的超声速喷管内氦气的流动过程，利用Fluent 19.0分别对收敛线型为五次多项式曲线、双三次参数曲线、Witoszynski曲线、Witoszynski曲线平动的超声速喷管内的流动进行了数值模拟。结果表明，采用Witoszynski曲线设计的超声速喷管具有以下优点：(1)出口温度和压力最低，出口马赫数最高，膨胀制冷效果在4种超声速喷管中最好；(2)成核速率峰值最高，达到2.200 × 1022 m-3·s-1。出口液滴数达到1.154 × 1016 kg-1，高于其他喷嘴。(3)该超声速喷管也是这四个喷管中第一个经历冷凝过程的。(4)其出口液质量分数最高，为16.03%，液滴半径最小，为3.689 × 10-7 m。因此，建议利用Witoszynski曲线实现氦液化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

363

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling. As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews. Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.