Análisis de disponibilidad, formación y uso de ecografía por enfermeras en urgencias intra y extrahospitalarias. Una encuesta nacional

Abstract

Introduction

The use of ultrasound devices in emergency services has grown significantly, particularly point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), which has enhanced patient management and treatment, reduced costs, and minimized radiation exposure. In nursing, POCUS has become an essential tool, especially for vascular access procedures. However, disparities in training and access to ultrasound equipment exist across emergency services in different regions of Spain. This study aims to explore these differences and their impact on clinical practice.

Methodology

A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was conducted, involving nurses from emergency services throughout Spain. Data were collected via an online survey validated through the Delphi method. The study received approval from the Ethics Committee.

Results

A total of 424 professionals from all regions except the Balearic Islands participated, representing 123 hospital emergency services, 15 prehospital services, and 20 primary care centers. Overall, 79% had access to ultrasound devices, with significant differences across service types (P<.01). Only 36% reported having access to a full range of probes. Notably, 63% of participants lacked formal ultrasound training. Variability in equipment availability and training differed significantly between regions (P<.05).

Discussion

The findings highlight substantial disparities in the availability of ultrasound devices and probes across different services and regions. Additionally, most nursing professionals lack ultrasound training. Compared to other European countries, availability in Spain is lower. The lack of training may stem from the absence of nationally accredited programs, leaving individual resources as the primary means of acquiring skills.

Conclusion

Significant inequalities exist in access to ultrasound equipment and training among emergency services and regions in Spain. Professional training in this field varies depending on the region studied.