Prevalence of malocclusions in children with infectious mononucleosis.

Abstract

Background: According to statistics 85% of children are carriers of Epstein-Barr virus, which is the cause of infectious mononucleosis. Many children with infectious mononucleosis have acute respiratory disease or sore throat flow due to weakened of the immune system. Children with infectious mononucleosis have manifestations of tonsillopharyngitis, adenoiditis. The long course of this pathology contributes to the development of dental caries, diseases of periodontal tissues, mucosa lesions of the oral cavity and malocclusions. The aim of the research was to study the prevalence and features of malocclusions in children with infectious mononucleosis.

Materials and methods: There were examined 226 children aged 6, 9 and 12 years. The main group included 104 children with diagnose of infectious mononucleosis. The control group included 122 children, who were healthy, without any somatic pathology. Malocclusions were determined according to the classifications of Engle E. and Kalvelis D.A.

Results: The results of the study showed that among children of the main group malocclusion were found in 83.85±2.34% persons, while among healthy children the prevalence of malocclusion was 58.18±2.48% (p <0.05). It was revealed that with the age the prevalence of malocclusions increases in both study groups, but among children of the main group this dynamic is more pronounced. So, among children with infectious mononucleosis the prevalence of malocclusion increases from 6 to 12-year-old children from 78.94±2.13% to 88.23±2.24%, i.e. 1.12 times (p<0.05). In children of the control group the prevalence of malocclusions in 6-years-old children was 56.41±1.98%, which is 1.4 times less than in children of the main group (p<0.05), and up to 12 years old it was increased by 1.08 times (60.97±2.15%, p>0.05), but was lower than in children of the main group, by 44.71% (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Thus, high prevalence of malocclusions is determined in children with mononucleosis, which is increased with the age. The obtained results indicate on need for orthodontic treatment of children with infectious mononucleosis, constant monitoring of the patient by the dentist.