{"title":"Potential of Circular RNAs (circRNAs) Neoantigen Vaccines in Tumor Immunotherapy.","authors":"Md Sadique Hussain, Vikas Jakhmola, Ayesha Sultana, Ajay Singh Bisht, Gyas Khan","doi":"10.2174/0113892037389566250515094946","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as promising candidates for neoantigen vaccine development due to their unique structural stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and immunostimulatory properties. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs exhibit exonuclease resistance, prolonged antigen expression, and increased activation of innate immune receptors such as RIG-I and MDA5, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that circRNA-based vaccines encoding tumor-specific neoantigens effectively stimulate Antigen- Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly Dendritic Cells (DCs), leading to robust CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) activation. This results in increased cytokine production, T-cell proliferation, and durable anti-tumor immunity. Compared to conventional neoantigen vaccine platforms, circRNA vaccines offer distinct advantages, including higher immunogenicity, improved cytosolic delivery, and minimal risk of genomic integration. CircRNA vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical tumor models, with studies highlighting their ability to induce long-term memory T-- cell responses and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. However, challenges remain in optimizing circRNA delivery, mitigating unintended immune activation, and scaling up manufacturing processes. The translational potential of circRNA vaccines in tumor immunotherapy is significant, offering a novel and scalable approach to personalized cancer treatment. Further research and clinical validation are needed to optimize their design, improve manufacturing efficiency, and assess their efficacy in human trials. CircRNA vaccines represent a next-- generation platform with the potential to revolutionize cancer immunotherapy by harnessing durable and targeted anti-tumor immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10859,"journal":{"name":"Current protein & peptide science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current protein & peptide science","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892037389566250515094946","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as promising candidates for neoantigen vaccine development due to their unique structural stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and immunostimulatory properties. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs exhibit exonuclease resistance, prolonged antigen expression, and increased activation of innate immune receptors such as RIG-I and MDA5, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that circRNA-based vaccines encoding tumor-specific neoantigens effectively stimulate Antigen- Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly Dendritic Cells (DCs), leading to robust CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) activation. This results in increased cytokine production, T-cell proliferation, and durable anti-tumor immunity. Compared to conventional neoantigen vaccine platforms, circRNA vaccines offer distinct advantages, including higher immunogenicity, improved cytosolic delivery, and minimal risk of genomic integration. CircRNA vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical tumor models, with studies highlighting their ability to induce long-term memory T-- cell responses and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. However, challenges remain in optimizing circRNA delivery, mitigating unintended immune activation, and scaling up manufacturing processes. The translational potential of circRNA vaccines in tumor immunotherapy is significant, offering a novel and scalable approach to personalized cancer treatment. Further research and clinical validation are needed to optimize their design, improve manufacturing efficiency, and assess their efficacy in human trials. CircRNA vaccines represent a next-- generation platform with the potential to revolutionize cancer immunotherapy by harnessing durable and targeted anti-tumor immune responses.
期刊介绍:
Current Protein & Peptide Science publishes full-length/mini review articles on specific aspects involving proteins, peptides, and interactions between the enzymes, the binding interactions of hormones and their receptors; the properties of transcription factors and other molecules that regulate gene expression; the reactions leading to the immune response; the process of signal transduction; the structure and function of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and molecular motors; the properties of membrane channels and transporters; and the generation and storage of metabolic energy. In addition, reviews of experimental studies of protein folding and design are given special emphasis. Manuscripts submitted to Current Protein and Peptide Science should cover a field by discussing research from the leading laboratories in a field and should pose questions for future studies. Original papers, research articles and letter articles/short communications are not considered for publication in Current Protein & Peptide Science.