Wearable-Assessed Biomechanical and Physiological Demands during Load Carriage and Tactical Mobility Tasks among Male and Female Military Personnel.

IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Evan D Feigel, Ayden McCarthy, Mita Lovalekar, Kristen J Koltun, Matthew B Bird, Brian J Martin, Jennifer N Forse, Elizabeth J Steele, AuraLea C Fain, Jodie A Wills, Tim L A Doyle, Bradley C Nindl
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Abstract

Purpose: Load carriage and tactical mobility are military tasks that pose significant risks for musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) in military personnel. This investigation compared biomechanical and physiological demands of a load carriage and tactical mobility task and examined their differences between sexes using reliable and validated wearables among United States Marine officer candidates.

Methods: Forty-one candidates (16 women) performed a 15.8 km loaded ruck march and a 4.0 km endurance course that assessed load carriage and tactical mobility performance, respectively. Inertial measurement units on the distal tibia and wrist-worn watches collected biomechanical (total step count, impact load, bone stimulus, average intensity, low/medium/high g-step count) and physiological (heart rate (HRmean, HRmin, HRmax), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), metabolic equivalent (METmean)) data. Paired sample t-tests compared metrics between events. Principal component (PC) analyses interpreted event demands. Independent samples t-tests analyzed sex differences between PCs (α = 0.05).

Results: Impact load (+1259.70 g·min-1, p < 0.001), average intensity (+7.20 g, p < 0.001), bone stimulus (+126.73 A.U., p < 0.001), high-g steps (+559.34 g, p < 0.001), HRmin (+13.15 bpm, p < 0.001), HRmean (+28.79 bpm, p < 0.001), HRmax (+16.95 bpm, p < 0.001), and METmean (-1.93 kcal·kg-1·h-1, p < 0.001) were higher during the endurance course than ruck; step count (-14934, p < 0.001) and PAEE (-713 kcal, p < 0.001) were lower. Three PCs explained 84.3% and 81.5% of variance for the ruck and endurance course. PC1 represented biomechanical variables, PC2 physiological variables, and PC3 g-step count. Sex differences were found in PC2 (p = 0.039) and PC3 (p = 0.002) for ruck, and PC3 (p < 0.01) for endurance course revealing greater demands in women.

Conclusions: Tactical mobility requires greater biomechanical and physiological demands than load carriage and places greater demands on women. Task and sex-specific training strategies may improve performance and mitigate MSKI risk.

男女军事人员在负重和战术机动任务中的可穿戴评估生物力学和生理需求。
目的:装载和战术机动是军事任务,对军事人员的肌肉骨骼损伤(MSKIs)构成重大风险。本研究比较了负重和战术机动任务的生物力学和生理需求,并在美国海军陆战队军官候选人中使用可靠和经过验证的可穿戴设备检查了它们的性别差异。方法:41名候选人(16名女性)分别进行了15.8公里的负重行军和4.0公里的耐力训练,以评估负重和战术机动性能。胫骨远端惯性测量单元和腕带手表收集生物力学(总步数、冲击负荷、骨刺激、平均强度、低/中/高g步数)和生理(心率(HRmean、HRmin、HRmax)、体力活动能量消耗(PAEE)、代谢当量(METmean))数据。配对样本t检验比较事件之间的指标。主成分(PC)分析解释的事件需求。独立样本t检验分析pc之间的性别差异(α = 0.05)。结果:冲击负荷(+1259.70 g·min-1, p < 0.001)、平均强度(+7.20 g, p < 0.001)、骨刺激(+126.73 A.U, p < 0.001)、高g步数(+559.34 g, p < 0.001)、HRmin (+13.15 bpm, p < 0.001)、HRmean (+28.79 bpm, p < 0.001)、HRmax (+16.95 bpm, p < 0.001)、METmean (-1.93 kcal·kg-1·h-1, p < 0.001)在耐力过程中均高于对照组;步数(-14934,p < 0.001)和PAEE (-713 kcal, p < 0.001)较低。3个pc解释了84.3%和81.5%的岩石和耐力课程方差。PC1代表生物力学变量,PC2代表生理变量,PC3代表g步数。在体重方面,PC2 (p = 0.039)和PC3 (p = 0.002)存在性别差异,在耐力方面,PC3 (p < 0.01)存在性别差异,表明女性对耐力的需求更大。结论:与负重相比,战术机动需要更高的生物力学和生理要求,对女性的要求更高。任务和性别特定的训练策略可以提高表现并减轻MSKI风险。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
4.90%
发文量
2568
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.
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