A Bifactor Model of Childhood Adversity in a Longitudinal South African Birth Cohort Study.

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Assessment Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI:10.1177/10731911251340221

Joannes S H de Leeuw, Marilyn Lake, Milton Gering, Nadia Hoffman, Kirsten A Donald, Heather J Zar, Dan J Stein, Susan Malcolm-Smith

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Abstract

Early exposure to violence can elicit a toxic-stress response in children. However, not all exposures to violence exert the same negative impact. This study aimed to develop a bifactor model of childhood adversity by integrating two established measures, the Child Exposure to Community Violence questionnaire and the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale. The Adversity Exposure-Response Model was created using caregiver-proxy report data from children aged 3.5 and 4.5 years (N = 801) in a South African birth cohort from two high-risk, low-income communities. A bifactor model best fit the data, with the newly formed composite serving as a statistically significant predictor of exposure to traumatic events (β = .34, p < .001). As predicted, this bifactor model provided a holistic approach to childhood adversity, challenging the assumption that all adverse events result in uniformly negative outcomes. It offers a comprehensive screening tool to identify at-risk children early, facilitating targeted interventions in high-risk settings.

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纵向南非出生队列研究中的童年逆境双因素模型。

儿童早期接触暴力会引起毒性应激反应。然而，并非所有的暴力行为都会产生同样的负面影响。本研究旨在整合儿童社区暴力暴露问卷和儿童情绪困扰量表，建立儿童逆境的双因素模型。逆境暴露-反应模型是根据来自两个高风险低收入社区的南非出生队列中3.5岁和4.5岁儿童（N = 801）的看护人代理报告数据创建的。双因素模型最适合数据，新形成的复合模型作为创伤性事件暴露的统计显著预测因子（β =）。34岁的p

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来源期刊

Assessment PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

2.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Assessment publishes articles in the domain of applied clinical assessment. The emphasis of this journal is on publication of information of relevance to the use of assessment measures, including test development, validation, and interpretation practices. The scope of the journal includes research that can inform assessment practices in mental health, forensic, medical, and other applied settings. Papers that focus on the assessment of cognitive and neuropsychological functioning, personality, and psychopathology are invited. Most papers published in Assessment report the results of original empirical research, however integrative review articles and scholarly case studies will also be considered.