Ablation behavior of ZrSi2-B4C-modified carbon fiber/boron phenolic resin ceramizable composites at different heat fluxes

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.02.231

Guoqin Jiang , Zongyi Deng , Minxian Shi , Wei Zhang , Yang Liu , Wenjing Cao , Linqin Gao , Yanbin Wang , Zhixiong Huang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Carbon fiber/phenolic resin (CF/Ph) composites are widely used as outer surface thermal protection materials in hypersonic vehicles because of their excellent ablation resistance. As the flight speed of the vehicle increases, the problem of CF being prone to oxidation in high-temperature aerobic environments becomes more severe, hindering the adaptation of CF/Ph to more extreme service environments. In this study, ZrSi₂-B₄C was introduced into carbon fibre/boron phenolic resin (CF/BPR) to improve its ablation resistance. At 2.4 MW/m², the linear ablation rate (LAR) and mass ablation rate (MAR) of the composites were as low as −0.032 mm/s and 0.0186 g/s, respectively. At 3.6 MW/m², the LAR and MAR were as low as −0.005 mm/s and 0.0273 g/s, respectively. These findings indicate that the ceramizable composites exhibit excellent ablation resistance under both low and high heat flux conditions. The ablation mechanism of the composites was revealed. The in situ ceramization of ZrSi₂ and B₄C formed a Zr-Si-B-C-O ceramic layer, which hindered the thermal oxidation and aerodynamic erosion of CF and PyC.

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zrsi2 - b4c改性碳纤维/硼酚醛树脂陶化复合材料在不同热通量下的烧蚀行为

碳纤维/酚醛树脂（CF/Ph）复合材料因其优异的抗烧蚀性能而广泛应用于高超声速飞行器的外表面热防护材料。随着飞行器飞行速度的提高，CF在高温好氧环境中容易氧化的问题日益严重，阻碍了CF/Ph对更极端服役环境的适应。本研究将ZrSi2-B4C引入碳纤维/硼酚醛树脂（CF/BPR）中，以提高其抗烧蚀性。在2.4 MW/m2下，复合材料的线性烧蚀率（LAR）和质量烧蚀率（MAR）分别低至- 0.032 mm/s和0.0186 g/s。在3.6 MW/m2时，LAR和MAR分别低至- 0.005 mm/s和0.0273 g/s。结果表明，陶瓷复合材料在高、低热流密度条件下均表现出优异的抗烧蚀性能。揭示了复合材料的烧蚀机理。ZrSi2和B4C的原位陶瓷化形成了Zr-Si-B-C-O陶瓷层，阻碍了CF和PyC的热氧化和气动侵蚀。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.