Théorie et pratique dans le soin, l’apport kantien : « Il se peut que ce soit juste en théorie, mais en pratique, cela ne vaut rien. »

Abstract

Drawing on Kantian philosophy and the analysis of the text “Theory and Practice” from 1793, this article deconstructs the opposition between theory and practice, which physicians sometimes experience when faced with the difference between the generality of their knowledge and the singularity of the cases they encounter. By redefining these two concepts - theory as the capacity of reason to guide experience through rules, and practice as the implementation of an end within a framework of general rules - the article reveals their essential interconnectedness. It is the physician's responsibility to harmoniously combine them through the use of their faculty of judgment. This faculty, developed through a perpetual back-and-forth between knowledge and experience, between theory and practice, enables the avoidance of two pitfalls: rejecting solid theories due to their imperfect practicality or disregarding the individual particularities of patients. Above all, it reminds them that medical practice must always adhere to at least one primary rule, preceding all possible experiences: that of the categorical imperative, demanding absolute respect for human dignity. Kantian philosophy thus provides an indispensable tool for an enlightened, holistic, ethical, and respectful approach to medical care, catering to the individuality of each patient.