Adults Implanted as Children: Long-Term Educational, Occupational, and Speech Perception Outcomes.

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigates factors that relate to long-term educational and occupational outcomes of adults who received cochlear implants (CIs) during childhood.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 109 adults who received a CI before the age of 15 between 2000 and 2012 at a US tertiary medical center. Demographic variables, speech perception scores, and educational and vocational achievements were analyzed. Current US Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics data were used for comparison.

Results: The median age at implantation was 2.81 years, and the median age at data collection was 27.30 years. Most subjects were unilaterally implanted (63.3%) and used an oral communication approach (89.0%). Educational outcomes showed that 17% completed a high school diploma or less, and 9% completed an associates or technical degree. Seventy-two percent of the subjects achieved a bachelor's degree or higher, significantly higher than the general US population (37.9%). Occupational outcomes indicated that subjects were employed across various job categories, with a higher proportion in jobs requiring considerable preparation (job zone 4) compared to the general population. There was a significant negative correlation between age at implantation and speech perception scores. Better word recognition scores were also associated with better educational and occupational outcomes.

Conclusions: Adults who received CIs as children demonstrate excellent educational and occupational outcomes, surpassing those of the general US population. Early implantation and the absence of additional disabilities positively influence these outcomes. Continued investigation of nonspeech outcomes and the factors that influence them is essential to provide better support services for future cohorts.