StableTi3C2Tx MXene Ink Formulation and High-Resolution Aerosol Jet Printing for High-Performance MXene Supercapacitors.

Abstract

Lightweight energy storage devices are essential for developing compact wearable and distributed electronics, and additive manufacturing offers a scalable, low-cost approach to fabricating such devices with complex geometries. However, additive manufacturing of high-performance, on-demand energy storage devices remains challenging due to the need for stable, multifunctional nanomaterial inks. Herein, the development of 2-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x MXene) ink that is compatible with aerosol jet printing for energy storage applications is demonstrated. The developed MXene ink demonstrates long-term chemical and physical stability, ensuring consistent printability and achieving high-resolution prints (≈45 µm width lines) with minimal overspray. The high-resolution aerosol-jet printed MXene supercapacitor achieves an areal capacitance of 122 mF cm^-2 and a volumetric capacitance of 611 F cm^-3, placing them among the highest-performing printed supercapacitors reported to date. These findings highlight the potential of aerosol jet printing with MXene inks for on-demand, scalable, and cost-effective fabrication of printed electronic and electrochemical devices.