History and Legacy of Andean Research in Nuñoa, Peru

IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Michael A. Little, R. Brooke Thomas, Ralph M. Garruto
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Abstract

The high-altitude town and associated political district of Nuñoa, Peru, has served as an anthropological field research site for more than 60 years. The earliest studies were initiated by Paul T. Baker and his students from Penn State University in 1962. He supervised and guided research for over a decade, with a focus on the adaptation of the resident Quechua Natives to high-altitude hypoxia and cold. These studies included physiological research on exercise capacity and temperature regulation, surveys of nutrition and child growth, and a variety of other studies. Data collected during this period served as a baseline for many later studies. This Andean site, at 4000 m above sea level, continued to be a center of research in the 1980s under the direction of Brooke Thomas and his students from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. During this period, the theoretical perspectives shifted from one of environmental adaptation to altitude stresses to a combined environmental adaptation and political economy framework. At that time, an emphasis was placed on behavioral and cultural coping responses to the health of Indigenous families and the socioeconomic inequalities that had been built into the Nuñoa society. In the years that followed, a variety of studies were conducted by students and faculty from at least eight universities. This Nuñoa research served as a model for long-term field studies in human biology, contributed to the first overseas field experiences of many students, and led to the completion of more than 25 PhDs in high-altitude research.

秘鲁Nuñoa安第斯山脉研究的历史和遗产
秘鲁的高海拔城镇和相关的政治区Nuñoa作为人类学实地研究地点已有60多年的历史。最早的研究是由宾夕法尼亚州立大学的保罗·t·贝克和他的学生在1962年发起的。他监督和指导了十多年的研究,重点是克丘亚土著居民对高海拔缺氧和寒冷的适应。这些研究包括对运动能力和体温调节的生理研究,对营养和儿童生长的调查,以及其他各种研究。在此期间收集的数据为后来的许多研究提供了基础。这个海拔4000米的安第斯遗址,在20世纪80年代,在马萨诸塞大学阿姆赫斯特分校布鲁克·托马斯和他的学生的指导下,一直是一个研究中心。在此期间,理论视角从环境适应-海拔压力转向环境适应与政治经济相结合的框架。当时,重点是对土著家庭的健康和Nuñoa社会中已形成的社会经济不平等现象采取行为和文化应对措施。在接下来的几年里,来自至少八所大学的学生和教师进行了各种各样的研究。这项Nuñoa研究为人类生物学的长期实地研究提供了一个模式,使许多学生获得了第一次海外实地研究经验,并在高海拔研究方面完成了超过25个博士学位。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
13.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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