Inertia and Rapid Divergence in the Evolution of Yawning: A Comparison Between Two Closely Related but Socially Different Monkeys

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Luca Pedruzzi, Veronica Maglieri, Paolo Oliveri, Martina Francesconi, Rea Riccobono, Filippo Bigozzi, Alban Lemasson, Elisabetta Palagi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Complex communication systems appear to evolve alongside social complexity. Comparing closely related species with similar social structures but distinct sociobiology offers valuable insights into the evolution of communicative variability. Here, we explore yawning (morphology, sensory modalities, contexts, contagious effect), a highly conserved behavioral trait, in two zoo-housed groups of geladas (Theropithecus gelada, nsubjects = 67, nyawns = 1422) and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas, nsubjects = 28, nyawns = 602). The species are optimal candidates as they both form multilevel groups but differ in intra-group dynamics, cohesion, and cross-sex bonding. Although both species displayed distinct yawn morphologies, hamadryas yawned less frequently than geladas, mainly in non-social contexts and without vocalization. In contrast, geladas yawned more often during affiliative interactions, highlighting a more social dimension to their yawns. When focusing on silent yawns, hamadryas showed a male-biased yawning frequency, whereas geladas exhibited similar rates between sexes, suggesting a more prominent female role in their yawning patterns. We found that yawning is contagious not only in geladas, as previously known, but also in hamadryas baboons. However, geladas were more responsive to others' yawns, possibly due to their greater communicative complexity or to the need to maintain cohesion in larger groups. In geladas, both sexes exhibited similar levels of yawn contagion, whereas in hamadryas it was predominantly male-driven, reflecting the central role of males in hamadryas social dynamics. Our study suggests both evolutionary inertia and divergence in Papionine yawning evolution. The findings confirm the derived nature of gelada yawn vocalizations and highlight the link between multimodal communication and social complexity. Moreover, geladas exhibit more nuanced, context-dependent yawning, likely shaped by their intricate sociobiology. In contrast, hamadryas display a more male-dominated yawning pattern, reflecting their distinct social dynamics. To fully understand the ecological significance of this ancient behavior, further cross-species research on yawning and its contagious effect in wild populations is essential.

打哈欠进化中的惯性和快速分化:两种关系密切但社会不同的猴子的比较
复杂的通信系统似乎随着社会的复杂性而发展。比较具有相似社会结构但不同社会生物学的近亲物种,可以为交流变异性的进化提供有价值的见解。在这里,我们研究了一种高度保守的行为特征——打哈欠(形态学、感觉方式、环境、传染效应),研究对象为两个动物园饲养的狒狒群体(狮尾狒狒,67名受试者,幼猴1422名)和倭狒狒(倭狒狒,28名受试者,幼猴602名)。这两个物种是最佳的候选者,因为它们都形成了多层次的群体,但在群体内部动态、凝聚力和异性结合方面存在差异。虽然这两个物种都表现出不同的打哈欠形态,但hamadryas打哈欠的频率低于狒狒,主要是在非社会环境中,没有发声。相比之下,狒狒在亲密互动中更经常打哈欠,这凸显了它们打哈欠的社交性。当专注于无声打哈欠时,hamadryas显示出男性偏向的打哈欠频率,而狒狒在两性之间表现出相似的频率,这表明雌性在它们的打哈欠模式中起着更重要的作用。我们发现打哈欠不仅会传染给狒狒,就像我们之前知道的那样,也会传染给hamadryas狒狒。然而,狒狒对其他动物的打哈欠反应更积极,这可能是由于它们更复杂的交流,或者是为了在更大的群体中保持凝聚力。在狒狒中,两性都表现出相似的打哈欠传染水平,而在雄性狒狒中,打哈欠传染主要是由雄性驱动的,这反映了雄性在雄性狒狒的社会动态中所起的核心作用。我们的研究提示了鹦鹉螺打哈欠进化的惯性和分化。研究结果证实了狒狒打哈欠发声的衍生性质,并强调了多模式交流与社会复杂性之间的联系。此外,狒狒表现出更细微的、与环境有关的打哈欠,这可能是由它们复杂的社会生物学决定的。相比之下,hamadryas显示出更多的男性主导的打哈欠模式,反映了他们独特的社会动态。为了充分了解这一古老行为的生态意义,进一步对打哈欠及其在野生种群中的传染效应进行跨物种研究是必不可少的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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