Recent Progress in Chemically Functionalized Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Conversion by Electro and Photocatalysis: A Review

Abstract

The foremost cause of global warming in 21^st century is excessive generation of CO₂ and its build-up in atmosphere. In mandate to address this important problem, many solutions are investigated, with CO₂ conversion emerging as a key approach. This method produces clean, renewable energy while simultaneously lowering CO₂ levels. In order to facilitate an investigation of sophisticated multifunctional catalysts for CO₂ conversion, this study starts by looking at the primary sources of CO₂ and their effects on the environment. It explores the importance of multifunctional catalysts and their development methods for the conversion of CO₂ into value-added products including methanol, ethanol, and hydrocarbons. Specifically, the utilization of tailored carbon-based, metal organic frameworks (MOF)-based, Metal Oxide-based, Zeolite-based catalysts, and their composites across various methods such as photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis is explored. This study attempts to highlight the difficulties and possible future developments in CO₂ conversion in order to highlight the complexity of the topic. It provides an inclusive exploration of the various facets of CO₂ conversion, highlighting the significance of novel catalyst development and application tactics in halting global warming.