Treatment of burned soil leachates by ultrafiltration coupled with coagulation: Insights into membrane fouling

Abstract

This study evaluated the treatability of water leachates from wildfire-impacted soils using a coagulation-ultrafiltration process, aiming to better understand how post-fire changes affect membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Soil samples were collected from one high burn severity and one low burn-severity site following the Cedar Creek Fire in Oregon, USA. The leachate from the one high severity site exhibited lower pH, turbidity, and dissolved organic carbon, and its dissolved organic matter (DOM) consisted of less aromatic compounds compared to the low-severity leachate. Filtration experiments revealed that, without pre-coagulation, the high-severity leachate caused less membrane fouling than the leachate from the low-severity sample. Pre-coagulation with aluminum chlorohydrate reduced fouling in both cases, though optimal dosages differed. For the low-severity leachate, a 30 mg/L dose improved DOM removal and minimized irreversible fouling, while for the high-severity leachate, effective control was observed at dosages up to 7.5 mg/L, with higher doses (30 mg/L) worsening fouling, potentially via metal-DOM complexes. While our controlled laboratory experiments provide valuable insights, we acknowledge that our lab experiments do not fully replicate field conditions. However, the unique characteristics of the leachate from our burned soil samples, indicate the need for further research to capture the complexities of post-wildfire water quality dynamics and refine treatment strategies for wildfire-impacted watersheds.