Basal cell ameloblastoma: A rare variant with a comprehensive literature review

Abstract

Ameloblastomas represent a diverse and mystifying group of odontogenic tumors. Basal cell ameloblastoma (BCA) is the rarest histological variant, characterized by densely packed nests and strands of primitive basaloid cells with inconspicuous stellate reticulum-like areas. Histopathologically, it closely resembles cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma posing a diagnostic challenge. Although primarily reported in peripheral locations, intraosseous occurrences are exceptionally rare, with only 30 cases documented in the literature to date. Here, we present a unique case of intraosseous basal cell ameloblastoma in a 60-year-old patient with a mandibular lesion. Given its rarity, this case contributes to the expanding knowledge of BCA and emphasize the importance of recognizing its distinct clinicopathological features for accurate diagnosis and management.