Cognitive impairment and hearing loss in Colombian aged population

Abstract

Background

Hearing loss and cognitive impairment are widely prevalent in individuals aged 60 years and above. Hearing loss is one of the main modifiable risk factors for dementia, emphasizing the importance for potentially mitigating cognitive decline.

Methods

This study performed a secondary analysis of the database of Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia (SABE Colombia). Hearing loss and cognitive impairment were assessed by self-report and the abbreviated Folstein version of the Mini Mental State Examination validated in Latin American Spanish. Information was searched on hearing rehabilitation and access barriers. A logistic regression model was used to assess the impact factors of cognitive impairment.

Results

Among 23,694 participants, the estimated prevalence of hearing loss was 31.73 % and for cognitive impairment was 19.79 %, which is similar with global reports. A significant proportion of individuals with hearing loss (93.13 %) remain untreated. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of hearing loss and risk of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Older age, fewer years of education, gender (women) and affiliation to subsidized scheme/not being affiliated were also found having significant associations with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study offers valuable insights into cognitive impairment and hearing loss and their interrelation in Colombia, thereby assisting government authorities and health system stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding public health policies and resource allocation.