Protocolo diagnóstico y tratamiento del riesgo cardiovascular en las enfermedades sistémicas inmunomediadas

Abstract

This protocol provides guidelines for the assessment and management of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with immune-mediated systemic diseases (IMSDs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. Patients with IMSD have significantly higher cardiovascular risk compared to the general population due to the greater prevalence of traditional risk factors and the presence of chronic inflammation that can be aggravated by the prolonged use of some treatments such as glucocorticoids. Risk estimation should be based on cardiovascular risk calculators, the identification of comorbidities, and additional tools, such as carotid ultrasound, to better reflect true risk in IMSDs. Therapeutic management includes lifestyle modifications; strict control of hypertension, glycemia, and dyslipidemia; as well as the use of immunosuppressive agents. A multidisciplinary approach and regular follow-up are essential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population through interventions tailored to each patient's specific characteristics.