Síndrome de Sjögren

Abstract

This article presents an updated review of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. It describes its epidemiology, with a predominance in women (9–10:1) and a prevalence of 0.1% – 0.6% in adults, and analyzes its pathogenic factors, including genetic, hormonal, immunological, and environmental aspects. The paper details the glandular (xerophthalmia, xerostomia) and extraglandular (musculoskeletal, neurological, dermatological, respiratory, digestive, renal, and hematological) clinical manifestations. The ACR/EULAR 2016 classification criteria are also presented and the therapeutic approach is described, which includes specific treatment for ocular and oral dryness as well as the management of systemic manifestations through immunosuppressants and biologic therapies.