Advanced 4D printing of flax fiber-reinforced PLA/PETG blends for enhanced mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128587

Karima Bouguermouh , Mohamed Habibi , Luc Laperrière , Daniel Monplaisir , Zeshi Li , Yasmine Abdin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study explores the development of flax fiber-reinforced PLA/PETG polymer blends for advanced 4D printing applications, aiming to enhance mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties. This research bridges material innovation and environmental sustainability by combining the biodegradability of PLA with the flexibility and toughness of PETG and reinforcing with sustainable flax fibers.

PLA/PETG blends were prepared in varying ratios (25/75, 50/50, and 75/25) and reinforced with flax fibers at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % concentrations using a thermokinetic mixing process to ensure uniform fiber dispersion and enhanced material performance. Characterization techniques, including SEM, DSC, and tensile testing, were used to comprehensively analyze structural integrity, thermal stability, and shape memory behavior.

The optimized blend, PLA-75/PETG-25/F-10, exhibited exceptional performance, with a tensile strength of 44 MPa, a Young's modulus of 4 GPa, and approximately 92 % shape recovery after 10 cycles at 90 °C. Flax fiber reinforcement contributed significantly to dimensional stability, minimized shrinkage, and acted as a nucleating agent to enhance crystallinity, making these composites suitable for intricate auxetic designs and adaptive structures.

By leveraging sustainable materials and advanced fabrication techniques, this study not only advances the potential of 4D printing technologies but also sets a benchmark for eco-friendly materials in dynamic and multifunctional applications across automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors.

Abstract Image

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先进的4D打印亚麻纤维增强PLA/PETG共混物增强机械，热和形状记忆性能

本研究探讨了用于先进4D打印应用的亚麻纤维增强PLA/PETG聚合物共混物的开发，旨在增强机械、热学和形状记忆性能。该研究将PLA的生物降解性与PETG的柔韧性结合起来，并用可持续亚麻纤维进行增强，从而将材料创新与环境可持续性联系起来。以不同的比例（25/75、50/50和75/25）制备PLA/PETG共混物，并在5%、10%和15%的浓度下使用热动力学混合工艺增强亚麻纤维，以确保纤维均匀分散和增强材料性能。表征技术，包括SEM， DSC和拉伸测试，用于全面分析结构完整性，热稳定性和形状记忆行为。优化后的共混物PLA-75/PETG-25/F-10表现出优异的性能，拉伸强度为44 MPa，杨氏模量为4 GPa，在90°C下循环10次后形状恢复约92%。亚麻纤维增强材料具有显著的尺寸稳定性、最小的收缩率，并作为成核剂增强结晶度，使这些复合材料适用于复杂的机械设计和自适应结构。通过利用可持续材料和先进的制造技术，这项研究不仅提高了4D打印技术的潜力，而且还为汽车、航空航天和生物医学领域的动态和多功能应用中的环保材料树立了基准。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

8.70%

发文量

959

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： Polymer is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances in Polymer Physics, Chemistry and Technology. We welcome submissions on polymer hybrids, nanocomposites, characterisation and self-assembly. Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics. The main scope is covered but not limited to the following core areas: Polymer Materials Nanocomposites and hybrid nanomaterials Polymer blends, films, fibres, networks and porous materials Physical Characterization Characterisation, modelling and simulation* of molecular and materials properties in bulk, solution, and thin films Polymer Engineering Advanced multiscale processing methods Polymer Synthesis, Modification and Self-assembly Including designer polymer architectures, mechanisms and kinetics, and supramolecular polymerization Technological Applications Polymers for energy generation and storage Polymer membranes for separation technology Polymers for opto- and microelectronics.