Decay and Solid-Liquid Partitioning of Mpox and Vaccinia Virus DNA in Primary Influent and Settled Solids to Guide Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Practices

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123904

Jacob R. Phaneuf, Gyuhyon Cha, Janet K. Hatt, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis, Katherine E. Graham

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Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a powerful tool for tracking the spread of viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2; however, as WBE has expanded to include new pathogens, like mpox virus (MPXV), more data is needed to guide practitioners on how to design WBE campaigns. Here, we investigated the decay rates of heat-inactivated MPXV (HI-MPXV) and attenuated vaccinia virus (VV) viral signal in primary influent and settled solids collected from a local POTW at 4°C, 22°C, or 35°C using digital PCR. Subsequently, we studied the solid-liquid partitioning of the viruses in primary influent. Over 30 days, decay rates did not significantly differ between viruses (p=0.5258). However, decay was significantly higher in primary influent (0.109-0.144/day) than in settled solids (0.019-0.040/day) at both 22°C (p=0.0030) and 35°C (p=0.0166). Furthermore, as part of the partitioning experiment, we found that HI-MPXV and VV adsorb to the solids fraction of primary influent at higher intensities than previously studied enveloped viruses (K_F=1,000-31,800 mL/g, n=1.01-1.41). Likewise, it was determined in the partitioning experiment that a concentration of greater than 10³ gc/mL in raw influent was needed for the viable quantification of MPXV and VV DNA in the clarified liquid fraction of raw primarily influent. Our study provides essential insights into informative sample collection and storage conditions for the analysis of wastewater and for transport modeling studies. Due to the slow decay observed in settled solids at all tested temperatures in the persistence experiment, this matrix may be most suitable for retrospective analyses of MPXV infections within a community.

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m痘和牛痘病毒DNA在初次进水和沉淀固体中的衰变和固液分配以指导基于废水的流行病学实践

基于废水的流行病学（WBE）已被证明是追踪病毒性病原体（如SARS-CoV-2）传播的有力工具；然而，随着WBE扩展到包括新的病原体，如m痘病毒（MPXV），需要更多的数据来指导从业人员如何设计WBE运动。在这里，我们使用数字PCR研究了热灭活MPXV （HI-MPXV）和减毒牛痘病毒（VV）病毒信号在4°C、22°C或35°C时从当地POTW收集的原液和沉淀固体中的衰减率。随后，我们研究了病毒在初次进水中的固液分配。在30天内，不同病毒之间的衰变率无显著差异（p=0.5258）。然而，在22°C （p=0.0030）和35°C （p=0.0166）时，原生进水的腐烂程度（0.109-0.144/天）明显高于沉淀固体（0.019-0.040/天）。此外，作为分割实验的一部分，我们发现HI-MPXV和VV对初级输入物固体部分的吸附强度高于先前研究的包膜病毒（KF=1,000-31,800 mL/g, n=1.01-1.41）。同样，在分块实验中，我们也确定了原料液中浓度大于103 gc/mL才能对原料原液澄清液中MPXV和VV DNA进行有效的定量。我们的研究为废水分析和运输模型研究提供了信息样本收集和存储条件的基本见解。由于在持久性实验中，在所有测试温度下，在沉淀固体中观察到缓慢的衰变，因此该基质可能最适合用于社区内MPXV感染的回顾性分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.