Effect of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Secondary Microplastics on the Demography of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera).

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants that are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and can affect the stability of aquatic food webs. They are intentionally produced in a size of less than 5 mm for specific purposes or are the result of the fragmentation of larger plastic debris. Zooplankton can be affected directly by the ingestion of MPs or indirectly by interference caused by suspended plastic particles. Various environmental agencies recommend the genus Moina for assessing risk from water pollutants. However, this genus has received less attention in research compared to non-indigenous cladocerans commonly used as test organisms. We evaluated the effects of artificially fragmented acrylonitrile butadiene styrene microplastics (ABS-MPs) on key demographic parameters such as survival, mortality, life expectancy, fecundity, and feeding rates of Moina macrocopa americana. We exposed M. macrocopa neonates to a diet consisting of the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and ABS-MP particles. Four treatments were set with different concentrations of ABS-MP particles (5, 10, and 20 mg L^-1). Survivorship, mortality, and reproduction were recorded daily until the last individual from the original cohort died. ABS-MPs significantly reduced M. macrocopa consumption rates of C. vulgaris, with an 85% decrease compared to the control. Although no statistically significant differences were found in life expectancy, net reproduction, or generation time among the toxic treatments, these parameters were drastically reduced compared to the control, even at the lowest concentration (5 mg L^-1); this resulted in a 34% reduction in average lifespan. The ABS-MPs interfere with the long-term population dynamics of M. macrocopa and change their consumption rates, potentially decreasing their fitness.