Serum Glutathione and Malondialdehyde Levels as Predictors of Early Neurological Deficits and Short-Term Outcomes in Acute Cerebral Infarction.

Abstract

This study investigates the association between serum glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and early neurological deficits and short-term outcomes in individuals with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). The study included 114 patients with ACI within 48 hours of symptom onset, between January and August 2023, alongside 96 healthy individuals as a control group. Neurological deficits were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), classifying deficits as mild (<5) or moderate to severe (>/=5). Associations between GSH and MDA levels with early neurological deficits were analyzed. Short-term prognosis, assessed three months post-discharge using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was examined in relation to GSH and MDA levels in patients with ACI. Independent predictors of neurological deficits and short-term outcomes were identified through binary logistic regression analysis. Compared to the control group, patients with ACI had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Additionally, elevated levels of MDA, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels were observed, whereas GSH and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower. Among those with moderate to severe ACI, levels of CRP, MDA, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, and D-dimer levels were higher compared to mild ACI, while HDL and GSH levels were significantly lower. Low serum GSH levels and elevated MDA levels are associated with early neurological deficits and short-term prognosis in ACI, serving as independent risk factors for adverse prognosis. The combined assessment of MDA, infarct volume, and LDL provides enhanced predictive value for adverse prognosis in patients with ACI. Keywords: Acute cerebral infarction, Malondialdehyde, Neurological deficits, Serum glutathione, Short-term prognosis.