Epidemiology of lower limb peripheral artery disease in urban areas of the Estuaire Province, Gabon.

Abstract

Background: Lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis, ranging from subclinical to severe stages including critical ischemia and amputation. Data on epidemiology of PAD in Africa are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD and identify associated cardiovascular risk factors in Gabon's general population. Patients and methods: Our cross-sectional study utilized quota sampling in three municipalities of the Estuaire province in Gabon. We selected 1502 urban residents aged 18 years and older. Sociodemographic and behavioural data were collected using a questionnaire, along with the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured using Doppler examination. PAD was defined as an ABI ≤ 0.90. Results: The average age of the population was 45.2±16.23 years, with 55.7% being females. Among participants, 299 (25.7%) had PAD (95% CI: 23.2-28.3). The prevalence of PAD was 26.2% (95% CI: 22.3-30.2) among men and 25.3% (95% CI: 22.0-28.7) among women. Among the PAD cases, 35 subjects (11.7%) were symptomatic. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with PAD were sedentary lifestyle (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8), hypertension (OR=1.3; 1.0-1.7) and being overweight (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), grade 1 obesity (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.9), and grade 2 obesity (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2) Conclusions: The prevalence of lower limb PAD in Gabon's urban population is important. This highlights the need for greater awareness among those with high cardiovascular risk and mandatory screening in health facilities.