{"title":"Impact of Breed and Slaughter Hygiene on Beef Carcass Quality Traits in Northern Greece.","authors":"Vasiliki Papanikolopoulou, Anestis Tsitsos, Stella Dokou, Stergios Priskas, Sotiria Vouraki, Vangelis Economou, Ioanna Stylianaki, Angeliki Argyriadou, Georgios Arsenos","doi":"10.3390/foods14101776","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the impact of breed and slaughter hygiene practices on beef quality traits in Northern Greece. A random sample of 159 beef carcasses from three breeds, Aberdeen Angus (AA, n = 38), Holstein (HO, n = 42), and Limousin (LI, n = 40), and crossbred (CR, n = 39) males were used. The chroma, pH, texture, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile were assessed using the <i>Longissimus dorsi</i> muscle. The muscle histomorphometry was assessed using the psoas major samples. Microbiological analyses were conducted on the beef carcasses to evaluate slaughter hygiene. A comparative analysis using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests was performed to assess the effects of breed and slaughter hygiene on the meat quality traits. The meat quality differed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between the breeds. Specifically, the LI beef exhibited higher lightness (L*) values compared to those of the AA and HO beef. The CR breed produced the reddest beef, which differed significantly from the AA and HO beef. The beef yellowness (b*) was higher in the AA breed compared to the other breeds. The AA and CR beef was more tender than the LI beef. The AA beef exhibited the lowest protein and highest fat content, while the LI beef was the leanest. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentrations in the AA beef were 22% higher than those in the HO beef, whereas the HO beef had 23% higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The total mesophilic viable counts among the slaughterhouses exceeded the lower acceptable threshold (3.5 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>), indicating inadequate slaughter hygiene practices that could impact beef quality and safety. Globally, this is the first comprehensive study that uniquely combines techniques for assessing beef quality from whole carcasses to individual muscle fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foods","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101776","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of breed and slaughter hygiene practices on beef quality traits in Northern Greece. A random sample of 159 beef carcasses from three breeds, Aberdeen Angus (AA, n = 38), Holstein (HO, n = 42), and Limousin (LI, n = 40), and crossbred (CR, n = 39) males were used. The chroma, pH, texture, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile were assessed using the Longissimus dorsi muscle. The muscle histomorphometry was assessed using the psoas major samples. Microbiological analyses were conducted on the beef carcasses to evaluate slaughter hygiene. A comparative analysis using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests was performed to assess the effects of breed and slaughter hygiene on the meat quality traits. The meat quality differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the breeds. Specifically, the LI beef exhibited higher lightness (L*) values compared to those of the AA and HO beef. The CR breed produced the reddest beef, which differed significantly from the AA and HO beef. The beef yellowness (b*) was higher in the AA breed compared to the other breeds. The AA and CR beef was more tender than the LI beef. The AA beef exhibited the lowest protein and highest fat content, while the LI beef was the leanest. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentrations in the AA beef were 22% higher than those in the HO beef, whereas the HO beef had 23% higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The total mesophilic viable counts among the slaughterhouses exceeded the lower acceptable threshold (3.5 log CFU/cm2), indicating inadequate slaughter hygiene practices that could impact beef quality and safety. Globally, this is the first comprehensive study that uniquely combines techniques for assessing beef quality from whole carcasses to individual muscle fibers.
本研究的目的是评估品种和屠宰卫生做法对希腊北部牛肉品质性状的影响。随机抽取阿伯丁安格斯（AA, n = 38）、荷尔斯坦（HO, n = 42）、利木赞（LI, n = 40）和杂交（CR, n = 39）雄性牛肉159具胴体。使用背最长肌评估色度、pH值、质地、化学成分和脂肪酸谱。使用腰肌大肌样本进行肌肉组织形态测定。对牛肉胴体进行微生物分析以评价屠宰卫生。采用方差分析、Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验进行比较分析，以评估品种和屠宰卫生对肉质性状的影响。肉质在品种间差异显著（p < 0.05）。其中，LI牛肉的亮度（L*）值高于AA和HO牛肉。CR品种的牛肉红度最高，与AA和HO品种差异显著。AA品种牛肉黄度（b*）高于其他品种。AA和CR牛肉比LI牛肉更嫩。AA牛肉蛋白质含量最低，脂肪含量最高，LI牛肉最瘦。AA牛肉的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）含量比HO牛肉高22%，HO牛肉的饱和脂肪酸（sfa）含量比HO牛肉高23%。屠宰场的中温菌活菌总数超过了可接受的较低阈值（3.5 log CFU/cm2），表明屠宰卫生措施不充分可能影响牛肉质量和安全。在全球范围内，这是第一个综合研究，独特地结合了评估牛肉质量的技术，从整个胴体到单个肌肉纤维。
期刊介绍：
Foods (ISSN 2304-8158) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of food research. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists, researchers, and other food professionals to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible or share their knowledge with as much readers unlimitedly as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. There are, in addition, unique features of this journal:
manuscripts regarding research proposals and research ideas will be particularly welcomed
electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material
we also accept manuscripts communicating to a broader audience with regard to research projects financed with public funds
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