{"title":"Modulation of pain by ketones: a mini-review.","authors":"Lana L Heslop, Douglas E Wright","doi":"10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2025","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketones, or ketone bodies, are organic molecules produced via ketogenesis in the liver in response to changing energy demands. Three ketones are generated that can act as metabolic messengers and a fuel source for the body, typically forming when glucose levels decrease within the bloodstream. A ketogenic diet, a form of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, stimulates ketogenesis and forces ketone utilization as an energy source by nonhepatic tissues. Currently, ketones, along with the ketogenic diet, have been of interest to many as a therapeutic mechanism for multiple conditions, including epilepsy, numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that ketones may play a powerful role in modulating acute and chronic pain. Here, we summarize the known benefits of ketones on neurological disease and nociceptive systems associated with pain. We discuss possible mechanisms identified from preclinical studies underlying the identified benefits of ketones in reducing pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7585,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Cell physiology","volume":" ","pages":"C31-C37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of physiology. Cell physiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2025","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ketones, or ketone bodies, are organic molecules produced via ketogenesis in the liver in response to changing energy demands. Three ketones are generated that can act as metabolic messengers and a fuel source for the body, typically forming when glucose levels decrease within the bloodstream. A ketogenic diet, a form of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, stimulates ketogenesis and forces ketone utilization as an energy source by nonhepatic tissues. Currently, ketones, along with the ketogenic diet, have been of interest to many as a therapeutic mechanism for multiple conditions, including epilepsy, numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that ketones may play a powerful role in modulating acute and chronic pain. Here, we summarize the known benefits of ketones on neurological disease and nociceptive systems associated with pain. We discuss possible mechanisms identified from preclinical studies underlying the identified benefits of ketones in reducing pain.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology is dedicated to innovative approaches to the study of cell and molecular physiology. Contributions that use cellular and molecular approaches to shed light on mechanisms of physiological control at higher levels of organization also appear regularly. Manuscripts dealing with the structure and function of cell membranes, contractile systems, cellular organelles, and membrane channels, transporters, and pumps are encouraged. Studies dealing with integrated regulation of cellular function, including mechanisms of signal transduction, development, gene expression, cell-to-cell interactions, and the cell physiology of pathophysiological states, are also eagerly sought. Interdisciplinary studies that apply the approaches of biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, morphology, and immunology to the determination of new principles in cell physiology are especially welcome.
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