Properties of “Lite” Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidates in LIGO-Virgo’s Third Observing Run

Krystal Ruiz-Rocha, Anjali B. Yelikar, Jacob Lange, William Gabella, Robert A. Weller, Richard O’Shaughnessy, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann and Karan Jani
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Abstract

Over a hundred gravitational-wave (GW) detections and candidates have been reported from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) detectors. Among these, the most intriguing events are binary black hole mergers that result in a “lite” intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) of ∼102M⊙, such as GW170502 and GW190521. In this study, we investigate 11 GW candidates from LVK’s third observing run with total detector-frame masses in the lite IMBH range. Using the Bayesian inference algorithm RIFT, we systematically analyze these candidates with three state-of-the-art waveform models that incorporate higher harmonics, which are crucial for resolving lite IMBHs in LVK data. For each candidate, we infer the premerger and postmerger black hole masses in the source frame, along with black hole spin projections across all three models. Under the assumption that these are binary black hole mergers, our analysis finds that five have a postmerger lite IMBH with masses ranging from 110 to 350 M⊙ with over 90% confidence interval. Additionally, we note that one of their premerger black holes is within the pair-instability supernova mass gap (60–120 M⊙), and two premerger black holes are above the mass gap. Furthermore, we report discrepancies among the three waveform models in intrinsic parameters, with at least three GW candidates showing deviations beyond accepted statistical limits. While the astrophysical certainty of these candidates cannot be established, our study provides a foundation to probe the lite IMBH population that emerge within the low-frequency noise spectrum of LVK detectors.
LIGO-Virgo第三次观测中“生命”中等质量黑洞候选者的特性
在先进的LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK)探测器的前三次观测中,已经发现了100多个引力波(GW)和候选引力波。在这些事件中,最有趣的是双黑洞合并,它会产生一个“生命”中等质量黑洞(IMBH),质量约为102M⊙,如GW170502和GW190521。在这项研究中,我们研究了LVK第三次观测的11个GW候选者,它们的总探测器框架质量在生命IMBH范围内。使用贝叶斯推断算法RIFT,我们系统地分析了三种最先进的波形模型,这些模型包含高次谐波,这对于在LVK数据中解析生命IMBHs至关重要。对于每个候选黑洞,我们推断出源框架中合并前和合并后的黑洞质量,以及所有三个模型中的黑洞自旋投影。在假设这些是双黑洞合并的情况下,我们的分析发现,其中5个具有合并后的生命IMBH,质量范围在110到350 M⊙之间,置信区间超过90%。此外,我们注意到其中一个预合并黑洞位于对不稳定超新星质量缺口(60-120 M⊙)内,另外两个预合并黑洞位于质量缺口之上。此外,我们报告了三种波形模型在内在参数方面的差异,至少有三个GW候选模型显示出超出可接受的统计限制的偏差。虽然这些候选者的天体物理确定性无法确定,但我们的研究为探索LVK探测器低频噪声频谱内出现的生命IMBH种群提供了基础。
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