[Comparative analysis of preventive action of drinking sulfate mineral water on neurohormonal and immune regulation organs in radiation exposure to rats].

Abstract

It has been established in conducted experimental studies that drinking sulfate mineral water (MV) increases adaptation processes and limits development of postradiation damages in primary prevention. These effects were found in different functional systems, including in central organs of neurohormonal and immune regulation - hypothalamus, epiphysis, thymus. At the same time, the morphofunctional features and general patterns in adaptive and protective reactions in these organs remain unexplored, that is important for development of new effective methods of postradiation damages prevention using drinking sulfate MW.

Objective: To perform comparative analysis and generalization of experimental study results in preventive action of drinking sulfate MW on developing adaptive intracellular reactions in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, pineal cells of epiphysis and thymocytes of thymus in radiation exposure to rats.

Material and methods: Experiments were conducted on 28 non-linear male rats with a weight of 220-250 gr. The animals of experimental group received drinking sulfate MW with magnesium and calcium (2.6 g/l sulfate concentration, 4.0 g/l mineralization), the animals of control group received main water instead of sulfate MW; intact animals, which were not exposed, were also used. MW and main water were administered to rats intragastrically through a needle with olive at the end by 3 ml once per day for 21 days. The animals of experimental and control groups were irradiated once on «GUBE» apparatus (Institute of General Genetics of the RAS) by ⁶⁰Co gamma-rays in dosage of 2 Gy (0.66 Gy/min dosage rate) after watering course. Animals killing was carried out by decapitation 1 month after radiation exposure. The following methods of examination were used: transmission electronic microscopy (study of ultrastructures in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in pineal cells of epiphysis), biochemical and morphofunctional analysis (study of chromatin in thymocytes nuclei using acridine orange, nuclei quantity and their genome activity), morphometry.

Results: Preventive use of drinking sulfate MW had a cytoprotective effect, which was manifested in the reduction of postradiation damages intensity in studied organs, enhancement of adaptive reactions in the form of increased stability of membranes and cellular structures. The higher level of preventive adaptation and resistance to radiation has been found in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, lower - in cells of the epiphysis and thymus. These adaptive changes were caused by antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing and immunomodulating effects of MW on different regulatory and functional systems of the body, as well as on membrane structures of cells directly. The revealed adaptive changes developing in cells of the hypothalamus, epiphysis and thymus in preventive action of MW increase the resistance of integral (neuroimmunohormonal) regulation mechanisms, enhance their interaction that contributes to a more adequate and coordinated activity of these organs.

Conclusion: Drinking sulfate MW has a wide range of possibilities in preventing radiation damages not only in effector organs, but also in central organs of homeostasis regulation. Drinking sulfate MW should be combined with other adaptogenic factors that have a mild stimulating action in order to increase its effectiveness. The obtained data can be used for developing new modern methods to prevent postradiation damages, as well as principles of adaptive processes regulation (management) using therapeutic physical factors.