Metabolite Monomethyl Phthalate (MMP) Induces Oxidative Damage in Rat Erythrocytes: Role of Vitamins C and E.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Toxics Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.3390/toxics13050379

Xuxin Zhang, Xu Gao, Zhenxing Chi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can enter the human body and be absorbed into the bloodstream to produce monomethyl phthalate (MMP). MMP in the environment can also enter the bloodstream. However, little is known about the toxicity of the phthalate metabolite MMP in most organisms. In this study, the erythrocyte toxicity of MMP and a preventive approach were investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as the model animal under MMP concentrations of 5-250 mg/kg (sub-chronic exposure in vivo) and 1.25-100 μg/mL (acute exposure in vitro). The experimental results indicate that the interaction of MMP with erythrocytes caused oxidative damage, which decreased the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin content and increased the content of methemoglobin and the iron release of hemoglobin in rat blood. However, the above results were not observed when MMP directly interacted with hemoglobin. The antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E improved the above blood indicators in rats. The results of this study provide certain theoretical guidance for the evaluation of the potential risks of phthalate metabolites.

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代谢产物邻苯二甲酸一甲酯（MMP）诱导大鼠红细胞氧化损伤：维生素C和E的作用。

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）可以进入人体并被吸收到血液中产生邻苯二甲酸一甲酯（MMP）。环境中的MMP也可以进入血液。然而，对邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物MMP在大多数生物体中的毒性知之甚少。本研究以Sprague-Dawley （SD）大鼠为模型动物，在MMP浓度为5 ~ 250 mg/kg（体内亚慢性暴露）和1.25 ~ 100 μg/mL（体外急性暴露）的条件下，研究了MMP对红细胞的毒性和预防方法。实验结果表明，MMP与红细胞相互作用引起氧化损伤，使大鼠血液中红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量减少，高铁血红蛋白含量增加，血红蛋白铁释放量增加。然而，当MMP直接与血红蛋白相互作用时，没有观察到上述结果。抗氧化剂维生素C和维生素E改善了大鼠的上述血液指标。本研究结果为邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物潜在风险的评价提供了一定的理论指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of toxic chemicals and materials. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in detail. There is, therefore, no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, although authors should write their papers in a clear and concise way. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of calculations and experimental procedure can be deposited as supplementary material, if it is not possible to publish them along with the text.