Bongkrekic Acid and Its Novel Isomers: Separation, Identification, and Determination in Food Matrices.

IF 3.9 3区 医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Toxins Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI:10.3390/toxins17050223
Suhe Dong, Danli Liu, Runfeng Lin, Yingjie Zhu, Peihong Zhu, Xin Jiang, Jie Mao, Yanqing Cao, Jing Peng, Tianyue Zhao, Danning Shen, Tao Li, Kun He, Na Wang
{"title":"Bongkrekic Acid and Its Novel Isomers: Separation, Identification, and Determination in Food Matrices.","authors":"Suhe Dong, Danli Liu, Runfeng Lin, Yingjie Zhu, Peihong Zhu, Xin Jiang, Jie Mao, Yanqing Cao, Jing Peng, Tianyue Zhao, Danning Shen, Tao Li, Kun He, Na Wang","doi":"10.3390/toxins17050223","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The toxicity associated with bongkrekic acid (BKA) is severe due to its chemical structure, which also facilitates high mortality rates; however, its isomer, isobongkrekic acid (iBKA), with only minor structural variance, demonstrates marked differences in toxicity. This discrepancy in structural properties and toxicity highlights that risks have been potentially underestimated within current detection standards for BKAs. In this study, a novel BKA trans isomer at the C8 and C9 double carbon bonds (E-configuration), termed iBKA-neo, was successfully separated and identified. Subsequently, the multiple reaction monitoring parameters and chromatographic conditions for three BKA isomers were optimized, enabling effective separation within 15 min via UHPLC-MS/MS, among which the ammonium positive adduct ions yielded significantly higher response intensities for all BKA isomers than traditional deprotonated molecules. Additionally, distinct differences in the ion ratios between iBKA-neo and BKA were utilized for preliminary screening. On this basis, the extraction and enrichment strategies for BKAs were optimized in food matrices and validated comprehensively with good linearity (0.25-500 μg/kg), a superior limit of quantification (0.25 μg/kg), acceptable recoveries (82.32-114.84%), and stable intraday and interday precision (an RSD less than 12.67%). These findings significantly contribute to ecotoxicology and the formulation of safety standards concerning BKAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115625/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxins","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050223","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The toxicity associated with bongkrekic acid (BKA) is severe due to its chemical structure, which also facilitates high mortality rates; however, its isomer, isobongkrekic acid (iBKA), with only minor structural variance, demonstrates marked differences in toxicity. This discrepancy in structural properties and toxicity highlights that risks have been potentially underestimated within current detection standards for BKAs. In this study, a novel BKA trans isomer at the C8 and C9 double carbon bonds (E-configuration), termed iBKA-neo, was successfully separated and identified. Subsequently, the multiple reaction monitoring parameters and chromatographic conditions for three BKA isomers were optimized, enabling effective separation within 15 min via UHPLC-MS/MS, among which the ammonium positive adduct ions yielded significantly higher response intensities for all BKA isomers than traditional deprotonated molecules. Additionally, distinct differences in the ion ratios between iBKA-neo and BKA were utilized for preliminary screening. On this basis, the extraction and enrichment strategies for BKAs were optimized in food matrices and validated comprehensively with good linearity (0.25-500 μg/kg), a superior limit of quantification (0.25 μg/kg), acceptable recoveries (82.32-114.84%), and stable intraday and interday precision (an RSD less than 12.67%). These findings significantly contribute to ecotoxicology and the formulation of safety standards concerning BKAs.

Bongkrekic酸及其新型异构体:食品基质中的分离、鉴定和测定。
由于其化学结构,与BKA相关的毒性非常严重,这也导致了高死亡率;然而,它的异构体,异戊二酸(iBKA),只有轻微的结构差异,显示出明显的毒性差异。结构特性和毒性的差异突出表明,在目前的bka检测标准中,风险可能被低估了。在本研究中,成功分离并鉴定了一种新的BKA反式异构体,该异构体位于C8和C9双碳键(e构型)上,称为iBKA-neo。随后,优化了三种BKA异构体的多重反应监测参数和色谱条件,使UHPLC-MS/MS在15 min内有效分离,其中铵态正加合离子对所有BKA异构体的响应强度明显高于传统的去质子化分子。此外,利用iBKA-neo和BKA之间的离子比率的明显差异进行初步筛选。在此基础上,对食品基质中bka的提取富集策略进行了优化,线性良好(0.25 ~ 500 μg/kg),定量限最高(0.25 μg/kg),可接受的加样回收率为82.32 ~ 114.84%,日内、日间精密度稳定(RSD < 12.67%)。这些发现对bka的生态毒理学和安全标准的制定具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Toxins
Toxins TOXICOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
765
审稿时长
16.24 days
期刊介绍: Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxins and toxinology. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信