Longitudinal Trajectory of Free Fatty Acids in Pregnancy According to First-Trimester Maternal Metabolic Status and the Presence of Gestational Diabetes.

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Metabolites Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI:10.3390/metabo15050320

Otilia Perichart-Perera, Isabel González-Ludlow, Omar Piña-Ramírez, Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, Sandra B Parra-Hernández, Maribel Sánchez-Martínez, Omar Granados-Portillo, Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano

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Abstract

Background/objectives: Maternal free fatty acids (FFAs) play a critical role in maternal metabolism, fetal growth, and pregnancy outcomes. However, their relationship with maternal metabolic status in early pregnancy and the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.

Aim: Assess the trajectory of FFA concentrations during pregnancy, considering first-trimester metabolic status (obesity, insulin resistance-IR) and the development of GDM, and evaluate whether first-trimester FFA is a relevant risk factor for GDM.

Methods: A case-control study nested within the OBESO cohort (Mexico City, pregnant women and their children), classified women according to first-trimester metabolic status (pregestational body mass index-pBMI, insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment-HOMA-IR > 1.6), as well as the presence of GDM: Group 1 (normal weight without IR, n = 60), Group 2 (obesity without IR, no GDM, n = 20), Group 3 (obesity with IR, no GDM, n = 20), and Group 4 (obesity with IR, with GDM, n = 9). FFA concentrations were measured each trimester. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and logistic regression models.

Results: FFA concentrations were the highest in Group 4 across all trimesters (p < 0.05). FFAs decreased throughout pregnancy in all groups (p = 0.023), with the most significant decline from the first to the third trimester (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction occurred in Group 4 (p < 0.001), followed by Group 3. Multivariate logistic regression showed no association between first-trimester FFAs and the development of GDM. Higher gestational weight gain was associated with a higher GDM risk (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), when the FFAs difference was accounted for.

Conclusions: FFA levels are higher in women with GDM compared with women with obesity or a normal weight. However, FFAs progressively decline from the first to the third trimester, with the most pronounced decrease in women with obesity, IR, and GDM.

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根据孕早期母体代谢状态和妊娠糖尿病的存在，妊娠游离脂肪酸的纵向轨迹。

背景/目的：母体游离脂肪酸（FFAs）在母体代谢、胎儿生长和妊娠结局中起关键作用。然而，它们与妊娠早期母体代谢状态和随后妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）发展的关系尚不清楚。目的：评估妊娠期间FFA浓度的变化轨迹，考虑妊娠早期代谢状态（肥胖、胰岛素抵抗- ir）和GDM的发展，评估妊娠早期FFA是否是GDM的相关危险因素。方法:病例对照研究中嵌套OBESO队列(墨西哥城、孕妇和她们的孩子),分类根据女性对于妊娠前三个月的代谢状态(孕前的体重index-pBMI、胰岛素抵抗体内平衡模型assessment-HOMA-IR > 1.6),以及GDM的存在:组1(正常体重没有红外,n = 60),组2(肥胖没有红外,没有GDM, n = 20),组3(肥胖与红外,没有GDM, n = 20),和组4(肥胖IR, GDM, n = 9)。每三个月测定游离脂肪酸浓度。统计分析包括重复测量、方差分析和logistic回归模型。结果：各组FFA浓度均以第4组最高（p < 0.05）。所有组的FFAs在整个妊娠期间均有所下降（p = 0.023），其中妊娠早期至晚期下降最为显著（p < 0.001）。第4组降低幅度最大（p < 0.001），第3组次之。多因素logistic回归显示妊娠早期FFAs与GDM的发生无关联。当考虑到FFAs差异时，较高的妊娠体重增加与较高的GDM风险相关（OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48）。结论：与肥胖或体重正常的女性相比，GDM女性的FFA水平更高。然而，FFAs从妊娠早期到妊娠晚期逐渐下降，在肥胖、IR和GDM的妇女中下降最为明显。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Metabolites Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

7.30%

发文量

1070

审稿时长

17.17 days

期刊介绍： Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.