Integrated Analysis of Volatile Metabolites in Rose Varieties: Effects of Cultivar Differences and Drying Temperatures on Flavor Profiles.

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Metabolites Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.3390/metabo15050325

Jun Zhang, Meile Sun, Xiangrong Ren, Jing Yang, Yijie Zhang, Jingtao Hui, Pengbing Li, Jianfei Tao, Tianzhi Liu, Guocang Lin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Rose processing faces critical challenges in preserving bioactive compounds and aroma profiles during thermal treatments, particularly given the growing demand for natural ingredients in the food and cosmetic industries.

Methods: Using widely targeted metabolomics, we first characterized volatile profiles of four major commercial cultivars (Hetian, Damask, Bulgarian, and Fenghua; n = 6 replicates per cultivar), identifying terpenoids as dominant components (p < 0.05). Subsequent thermal optimization focused on Hetian rose, where WGCNA and K-means analyses revealed temperature-dependent dynamics (40-55 °C, triplicate drying trials per temperature).

Results: Hetian rose exhibited significantly higher accumulation (p < 0.05) of a unique sesquiterpene marker, 4-(1,5-dimethyl-1,4-hexadienyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene. Systematic drying optimization identified 50 °C as the thermal threshold for optimal color, bioactive retention, and sensory quality. Mechanistic analysis identified 193 temperature-responsive metabolites (VIP > 1, FC < 0.25 or >4, p < 0.01), with terpenoid biosynthesis (MVA/MEP pathways) and esterification dynamics emerging as critical control points.

Conclusions: This study establishes the first cultivar-specific processing framework for roses, demonstrating that metabolic signature-guided drying improves product quality. The findings advance our understanding of thermal impacts on aroma biochemistry while providing actionable protocols for natural product industries.

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玫瑰品种挥发性代谢物的综合分析：品种差异和干燥温度对风味特征的影响。

背景：玫瑰加工面临着在热处理过程中保存生物活性化合物和香气特征的关键挑战，特别是考虑到食品和化妆品行业对天然成分的需求不断增长。方法：利用广泛靶向的代谢组学方法，我们首先对4个主要商业品种(和田、大马士革、保加利亚和丰华；每个品种N = 6个重复)，萜类成分为优势成分（p < 0.05）。随后的热优化集中在和田玫瑰上，其中WGCNA和K-means分析揭示了温度依赖动力学（40-55°C，每个温度进行三次干燥试验）。结果：和田月季特有的倍半萜标记物4-（1,5-二甲基-1,4-己二烯）-1-甲基环己烯的积累量显著增加（p < 0.05）。系统干燥优化确定50°C为最佳颜色，生物活性保留和感官质量的热阈值。机制分析鉴定出193种温度响应代谢产物（VIP >, FC < 0.25或>4,p < 0.01），萜类生物合成（MVA/MEP途径）和酯化动力学成为关键控制点。结论：本研究建立了第一个玫瑰品种特异性加工框架，表明代谢特征引导干燥提高了产品质量。这些发现促进了我们对香气生物化学的热影响的理解，同时为天然产品工业提供了可行的方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Metabolites Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

7.30%

发文量

1070

审稿时长

17.17 days

期刊介绍： Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.