Gray Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Pups Fail to Mount an Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Influenza A Virus.

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Christina M McCosker, Milton Levin, Wendy B Puryear, Jonathan A Runstadler, Kimberly T Murray, Kristina M Cammen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Infectious disease is a naturally occurring phenomenon in healthy ecosystems, but anthropogenic pressures have led to an increase in the spread and intensity of disease outbreaks in recent decades. Ecosystem health and functioning can be monitored through sentinel organisms, such as marine mammals for coastal environments. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, gray (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor (Phoca vitulina) seals are exposed to influenza A virus (IAV) but exhibit apparent differences in disease severity, as gray seals largely remain asymptomatic while harbor seals experience IAV-associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate gray seal response to IAV through cytokines, which are signaling proteins responsible for initiating and regulating an immune response. Swabs (nasal, conjunctival, and rectal) and blood samples were collected from wild gray seal pups (n=116) and used to detect IAV infection and to measure 13 serum cytokines. There was no significant difference in cytokine profiles across IAV infection status, age (as determined by molt stage), or body condition (a proxy of overall health), but individual cytokines were identified as important in differentiating between seals across these categorical variables, and a general trend of lower cytokine detection rates was observed among IAV-infected pups. These results suggest that gray seal pups lack a strong cytokine response during IAV infections. Understanding the immune response of pinnipeds, and mammals more broadly, to viral pathogens is important for predicting how the increased emergence and spread of infectious disease will shape the future of global terrestrial and marine mammal populations.

灰海豹(Halichoerus grypus)幼崽无法对甲型流感病毒产生炎症细胞因子反应。
传染病是健康生态系统中自然发生的现象,但近几十年来,人为压力导致疾病暴发的传播和强度增加。生态系统的健康和功能可以通过哨兵生物监测,例如沿海环境的海洋哺乳动物。在西北大西洋,灰海豹(Halichoerus grypus)和港海豹(Phoca vitulina)暴露于甲型流感病毒(IAV),但在疾病严重程度上表现出明显的差异,因为灰海豹大部分没有症状,而港海豹则经历与IAV相关的发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在通过细胞因子研究灰海豹对IAV的反应,细胞因子是负责启动和调节免疫反应的信号蛋白。采集野生灰海豹幼崽(116只)鼻、结膜和直肠拭子和血液样本,用于检测IAV感染和测定13种血清细胞因子。在IAV感染状态、年龄(由蜕皮期决定)或身体状况(整体健康状况的代表)中,细胞因子谱没有显著差异,但个体细胞因子被认为是区分这些分类变量中海豹的重要因素,并且在IAV感染的幼崽中观察到较低的细胞因子检出率的总体趋势。这些结果表明灰海豹幼崽在IAV感染期间缺乏强烈的细胞因子反应。了解鳍足动物和更广泛的哺乳动物对病毒病原体的免疫反应,对于预测传染病的出现和传播将如何影响全球陆地和海洋哺乳动物种群的未来非常重要。
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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.
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