Coupling of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Formation and Secretion of Matrix Vesicles: Their Role in the Mechanism of Biomineralization.

IF 5.1 2区生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY

Cells Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI:10.3390/cells14100733

Azzurra Margiotta

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The human bone is a dynamic, highly vascularized tissue composed of 60-70% minerals, which include mainly calcium phosphate (CaP) in the form of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, 30% organic matrix composed of type I collagen fibers, and less than 5% water and lipids. The crystals are formed inside the matrix vesicles (MVs) and are then released in the organic collagen-based fibrous matrix. Extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and mineralization processes, named osteogenesis, are associated with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) undergoing differentiation into osteoblasts (osteoblastogenesis). Osteogenesis is regulated by multiple intracellular signaling and genetic pathways and by environmental factors. Calcium flow is finely regulated and plays a key role in both osteoblastogenesis and osteogenesis. The formation and accumulation of CaP, the biogenesis of MVs, their secretion, and the deposition of HA crystals to fill the organic bone matrix are the fundamental events in the biomineralization process. In this paper, I will describe and discuss the recent findings and hypothesis on the molecular mechanism regulating this process.

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细胞内钙稳态与基质囊泡形成和分泌的耦合：它们在生物矿化机制中的作用。

人体骨骼是一个动态的，高度血管化的组织，由60-70%的矿物质组成，其中主要包括以羟基磷灰石（HA）晶体形式存在的磷酸钙（CaP）， 30%由I型胶原纤维组成的有机基质，以及少于5%的水和脂质。晶体在基质囊泡（MVs）内形成，然后释放到有机胶原纤维基质中。细胞外基质（ECM）的形成和矿化过程，称为成骨，与人间充质干细胞（hMSCs）分化为成骨细胞（成骨细胞）有关。骨形成受多种细胞内信号和遗传途径以及环境因素的调控。钙的流动受到精细调控，在成骨细胞和成骨过程中都起着关键作用。生物矿化过程中CaP的形成和积累、MVs的生物发生及其分泌、HA晶体沉积以填充有机骨基质是基本事件。在本文中，我将描述和讨论调控这一过程的分子机制的最新发现和假设。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cells Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

5.00%

发文量

3472

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： Cells (ISSN 2073-4409) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to cell biology, molecular biology and biophysics. It publishes reviews, research articles, communications and technical notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided.