Extremely Extensive Vascular Malformation Requires Special Preparation for Simple Dental Surgical Procedures-Case Report.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Vascular anomalies represent a complex group of conditions including vascular malformations and haemangiomas. Haemangiomas are benign tumours that have an endothelial origin. In contrast, vascular malformations are characterized by the abnormal dilation of vessels without proliferation. Depending on the extension of the disease, there is a higher risk of life-threatening haemorrhages that may occur during simple dental procedures. The aim of this case report is to present the interdisciplinary treatment for patients with venous malformation and to discuss the possible dental management of these patients. Methods: A 66-year-old male patient with an extensive venous malformation of the head and neck was referred for a tooth extraction. The venous malformation involved lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, and floor of the oral cavity. Its proximity to the tooth requiring extraction was associated with a high risk of severe bleeding. Results: Prior to the treatment, CBCT and CT scans were performed to confirm the extensions of the lesion and visualise its margins. Considering the possible risks related with venous malformation, the procedure consisted of tooth removal in a hospital setting with control over severe bleeding complications. Conclusions: The presence of an extensive vascular malformation in the head and neck region is burdened with a higher risk of haemorrhages during simple dental procedures. The radiological and clinical planning enables the choice of an accurate treatment strategy to avoid possible difficulties. In cases where such complications cannot be avoided, it is important to perform the treatment in a hospital setting with the cooperation of maxillofacial surgeons.