Nano-engineered Antibiotic Formulation That Targets Chronic MRSA Infection.

Abstract

The health of millions of people is seriously threatened by infectious diseases that spread rapidly within communities and can lead to outbreaks if not effectively controlled by medical personnel. This study examines the complex mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, specifically focusing on the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in Indian healthcare settings. MRSA isolates exhibited complete resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Characterization results indicated an increased inhibition zone diameter and enhanced encapsulation integrity. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin-loaded liposomes achieved an entrapment efficiency of 16.45% after 1 h, increasing to 76% after 24 h. Encapsulation of ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cloxacillin, and vancomycin within vesicles demonstrated improved antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and MRSA. Moreover, liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides exhibited promising potential against A. baumannii, particularly in localized infections where sustained drug concentrations at the infection site are essential. The results of this study suggest that liposomal antibiotics hold significant potential for treating severe infections both systemically and topically. They may enhance therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects, offering a promising approach to combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.