Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Metabolic Model of Accelerated Aging - Multi-Organ Mechanisms and Intervention Approaches.

IF 6.9 2区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Aging and Disease Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.14336/AD.2025.0233

Ziran Zhang, Xiaolin He, Yuxin Sun, Jitong Li, Jia Sun

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels and insulin resistance (IR). Modern medicine has shown that diabetes plays a role in speeding up the aging process of the body independently of age, making it an age-related aging disease. The oxidative stress caused by chronic high blood sugar and IR can lead to dysfunctional mitochondria, which in turn promotes changes in epigenetic regulation, shortening of telomeres, and cellular senescence. There is currently a lot of interest in understanding how T2DM contributes to senescence. This review synthesizes epidemiological and clinical research findings on aging across various organs, focusing on insulin resistance and oxidative stress as primary mechanisms. It introduces four diabetes-specific aging axes: glucose toxicity, toxicity of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), immunoinflammatory aging, and protein amyloidosis, which are integrated into the "metabolism-inflammation-aging" network. Additionally, we provide new insights into interventions targeting aging in diabetes.

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2型糖尿病：加速衰老的代谢模型-多器官机制和干预途径。

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以慢性高血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗（IR）为特征的代谢疾病。现代医学研究表明，糖尿病与年龄无关，具有加速机体衰老的作用，是一种与年龄有关的衰老疾病。慢性高血糖和IR引起的氧化应激可导致线粒体功能失调，进而促进表观遗传调节的变化、端粒缩短和细胞衰老。目前，人们对了解T2DM如何导致衰老非常感兴趣。本文综述了各器官衰老的流行病学和临床研究成果，重点介绍了胰岛素抵抗和氧化应激作为主要机制。它引入了四种糖尿病特异性衰老轴：葡萄糖毒性、晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）毒性、免疫炎症性衰老和蛋白质淀粉样变性，这些轴被整合到“代谢-炎症-衰老”网络中。此外，我们为针对糖尿病衰老的干预措施提供了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aging and Disease GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

14.60

自引率

2.70%

发文量

138

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： Aging & Disease (A&D) is an open-access online journal dedicated to publishing groundbreaking research on the biology of aging, the pathophysiology of age-related diseases, and innovative therapies for conditions affecting the elderly. The scope encompasses various diseases such as Stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy, Dementia, Depression, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Arthritis, Cataract, Osteoporosis, Diabetes, and Hypertension. The journal welcomes studies involving animal models as well as human tissues or cells.